Bibliographie sélective OHADA

La subasta judicial ha sido objeto de una profunda transformación a raíz de la entrada en vigor de la Ley 19/2015, que estableció como principal novedad la obligatoriedad de publicación en el BOE y Portal de Subastas del BOE de todas las subastas judiciales y notariales convocadas a partir del 15 de octubre de 2015, eliminando el concepto de puja presencial existente. Por lo que respecta a la subasta concursal, tras el análisis de 4804 lotes concursales subastados por los Juzgados Mercantiles en el año 2016, se ha evidenciado la existencia de tres sistemas de liquidación diferenciados (sistema de Tipo libre, Tipo especial y Tipo LEC), que adaptan en mayor o menor medida las reglas generales de la subasta judicial de la LEC (arts. 643 y ss.) en función del Plan de Liquidación aprobado, circunstancia que produce una alteración en el Porcentaje de lotes desiertos (PLD), Tasa de Recuperación del Pasivo Insatisfecho (TRPI) y Tasa de Eficacia de la Subasta Judicial (TESJ). Resulta necesario por tanto conocer, los aspectos positivos y negativos de cada sistema de liquidación de subasta concursal, para la elaboración de un modelo de subasta concursal eficaz, objetivo último del presente trabajo.

Toute expédition maritime est une nouvelle aventure et cela, les gens de mer en savent quelque chose. Cette idée de nouvelle aventure rend compte de la diversité de risques maritimes que cette recherche s’est proposée de traiter. De nos jours, on assiste à un accroissement des capacités marqué par une tendance d’affrètement des giga porte-conteneurs, des navires et des pétroliers. Cet accroissement des capacités ne va pas sans un accroissement des risques maritimes. Ainsi, la persistance des abordages maritimes, la défectuosité des navires et la pollution accidentelle par les navires ont mis en évidence, au fil des années les lacunes, mais aussi la non observance du cadre juridique régulant le transport maritime. Ces risques de la navigation, aux conséquences parfois catastrophiques, dont la gestion efficace échappe encore aux acteurs et organismes maritimes, sont exacerbés par des menaces de piraterie, de terrorisme, de trafic illicite de migrants, de trafic de stupéfiants et d’armes à feu. Face à cette situation qui ne facilite pas l’exploitation des navires, sinon le transport maritime, nous avons saisi le cadre de cette recherche pour classifier ces risques. Selon qu’ils portent atteinte à la sécurité maritime (les risques classiques de la navigation) ou qu’ils portent atteinte à la sûreté maritime(les menaces maritimes) afin de rendre accessible leur examen, mais aussi lever les nombreuses confusions auxquelles ces deux concepts se prêtent. Lequel examen s’est révélé une étape indispensable pour envisager des alternatives, essentiellement juridiques pour le traitement efficace desdits risques maritimes. Si la vigilance des acteurs maritimes est indispensable pour la gestion efficace (prévention et lutte) des risques liés au transport maritime, le droit en la matière doit suivre, face à des risques en mutation incessante et en pleine extension. Every maritime expedition is a new adventure and that, the seafarers know something about it. This idea of a new adventure reflects the diversity of maritime risks that this research has proposed to deal with. Today, there is an increase in capacity marked by a trend of chartering of giga container ships, vessels and tankers. This increase in capacity is not without an increase in maritime risks. Thus, the persistence of maritime collisions, the failure of vessels and accidental pollution by ships have revealed, over the years, the short comings, but also the non-observance of the legal framework regulating maritime transport. These risks of shipping, with sometimes catastrophic consequences, the effective management of which is still beyond the reach of maritime actors and organizations, are exacerbated by threats of piracy, terrorism, smuggling of migrants, narcotics and firearms. Faced with this situation which does not facilitate the operation of ships, if not shipping, we have seized the framework of this research to classify these risks. Depending on whether they affect maritime safety (traditional shipping risks) or affect maritime security (maritime threats) in order to make their examination accessible, but also to remove the many confusions to which these two concepts lend themselves. This review proved to bean indispensable step in considering alternatives, essentially legal, forthe effective handling of such maritime risks. If the vigilance of the maritime actors is essential for the effective management (prevention and control) of the risks linked to maritime transport, the law in this area must follow, in the face of constantly changing and widening risks.

La recherche des solutions pour prévenir ou éradiquer les difficultés de l’entreprise passe par l’articulation de diverses interventions d’acteurs. En ce sens, le droit de l’Organisation pour l’Harmonisation en Afrique du droit des Affaires (OHADA), applicable au Cameroun, a doté le débiteur, les créanciers et les organes judiciaires de nombreuses prérogatives. Cependant, le salarié semble être privé de réelles possibilitésd’anticiper ou d’influencer le processus, alors qu’il est au plus fort degré intéressé par la pérennisation de l’entreprise. Le sentiment d’exclusion du processus pourrait démotiver le salarié et entacher ses performances au sein de l’entreprise ; alors que son intégration dans la conception et la prise des décisions serait susceptible de développer un sentiment de solidarité d’une part avec les dirigeants, d’autre part avec les autres salariés. Ainsi, lorsque l’entreprise connaît des difficultés, le dialogue qui s’ouvre à ceteffet doit rassembler toutes les parties prenantes. Il faudrait fédérer toutes les énergies qui s’activent quotidiennement au service de l’entreprise. La présente recherche entend proposer une approche d’implémentation du dialogue social aussi bien dans la gestion quotidienne de l’entreprise que dans la résolution des crises ; en somme, une réelle implication du salarié dans le processus décisionnel.

Cette étude s’intéresse à l’arbitrage comme mode alternatif de règlement des litiges en RDC. L’auteur y analyse les règles juridiques qui s’appliquent à la compétence et à la sai- sine du Tribunal arbitral, au mode de désignation des arbitres qui le composent et à la pro- cédure arbitrale à suivre. Il étudie aussi la sentence arbitrale ainsi que les voies de recours offertes aux parties, avec un coup d’œil particulier sur l’arbitrage organisé par le centre Na- tional d’Arbitrage, de Conciliation et de médiation de la Fédération des Entreprises du Congo et en comparaison avec la procédure usitée devant les juridictions civiles étatiques

This study investigates the impact of conduct which goes on to give rise to a securities lawsuit, and the filing of a securities lawsuit, on the level of accounting conservatism in financial reporting. This study also investigates the moderating influence of corporate governance on the level of accounting conservatism following conduct which goes on to give rise to a securities lawsuit, and the filing of a securities lawsuit. The study uses a sample of 617 privately enforced disclosure-related securities lawsuits against listed US firms, taken under SEC rule 10b-5 of the 1934 Securities Exchange Act, over the period 2002 to 2010. The results of the study indicate that following both the conduct that gives rise to a securities lawsuit, and the filing of a securities lawsuit, firms adopt higher levels of accounting conservatism. However, the study finds no evidence that corporate governance moderates the impact of securities lawsuits on the level of accounting conservatism.

Corporate disclosure has attracted the attention of researchers from the accounting and capital markets. Researchers have been trying to better understand how capital markets respond to corporate disclosures. This study explores the short- and the long- term market effects of corporate disclosures in a continuous disclosure environment. This study aims to find the answers to the following research questions. (1) How market (price/volume) sensitive is the information contained in each disclosure category in a continuous disclosure environment? (2) How quickly is the value-relevant information incorporated into share prices before the annual earnings announcement is released, and how can company announcements promote this timeliness of price discovery? Specifically, this study examines the extent to which the Australian share market reacts to new public information immediately after the information is released, and the impacts of announcement frequency as to different continuous disclosure categories on the timeliness of price discovery (also known as the speed of price discovery). Prior research has mostly concentrated on a single type of information event to examine the information’s market consequences by monthly, weekly or daily data. Instead, by covering all public announcements and using tick (transaction) data to calculate intraday abnormal returns and abnormal trading volumes, this study examines which type of announcement has the largest immediate market responses, and compares the magnitude (with positive/negative signs) of market reactions to different announcement categories on the Australian Securities Exchange (ASX). This study is more attractive under the Australian Continuous Disclosure Regime (CDR) because of the classification system regarding the market-sensitive announcements. Whether or not an announcement is market-sensitive is predetermined by ASX ‘specialist staff’ before the announcement is released on the market. This study investigates how the market interprets the announcement, examining market sensitivity from both the share price and trading volume movements after the announcement is available to the market. In other words, to some extent, the ‘market sensitivity tag’ shows the announcement that the market should react to, and this study reveals the announcement that the market does react to. Focusing on market-sensitive announcements, except for the ASX Query, the significant results show a positive association between announcement categories and intraday Cumulative Abnormal Returns (CARs). Share prices react the most to Progress Reports and to Asset Acquisition & Disposal, and the least to Periodic Reports and Issued Capital. Share price reactions to Distribution Announcements and Other are in the middle. There are at least two possible reasons for the different market reaction magnitudes. One is the information materiality nature: if one type of information is more important to investors than other information, this may cause higher abnormal returns on the market. The other is the information predictability: if there has been a lot of relevant information available in previous days or months, share prices could adjust to the information more smoothly. In terms of the trading volume reactions, intraday Abnormal Trading Volumes (ATVs) are observed after the release of Progress Reports, Asset Acquisition & Disposal, Issued Capital and Periodic Reports. After separating good and bad news subsamples, the results show that Progress Reports and Asset Acquisition & Disposal tend to indicate good signs to the market and cause larger trading volumes. Periodic Reports and Issued Capital could contain either good or bad news, but the trading volumes are driven by bad news. The results also reveal that company size is an important factor. Large companies tend to have relatively small market responses after information is released, which confirms that the larger companies are more stable. This study also evaluates long-term market effects of corporate disclosures by examining the timeliness of price discovery (also known as the speed of price discovery). It is the timeliness with which the full value relevant information is priced over a year before the annual earnings announcement is released. Previous literature has revealed that earnings announcements convey information, because significant stock returns or increased trading volumes are observed around the time that earnings announcements are released. However, it has also been suggested that there are other more timely information sources available that contain essentially similar or even the same value-relevant information. By the time preliminary final reports become available to the market, any potential value-relevant information has been included in the share price. The CDR again provides an attractive environment to examine the impact of corporate disclosures on the timeliness of price discovery, because listed companies have to disclose to the market before any other media sources. This enables an exploration of the relationship between the timeliness and the frequency of continuous disclosures. If the CDR is efficient in keeping investors fully informed, there should be no stock price surprise after the earnings announcement is released. Given the importance of the Preliminary Final Reports to the timeliness metric and the fact that the immediate market reaction tests only cover announcements released during trading hours, this study investigates in depth the Preliminary Final Reports and finds some evidence that companies tend to release bad news after the market closes and/or on Fridays. In terms of the impacts of announcement frequency on the timeliness of price discovery, following the step ‘All announcements – Periodic/Non-periodic announcements – Detailed categories of Non-periodic announcements’, the findings reveal that only earnings-related and cash flow announcements (Periodic Reports, Distribution Announcements and Quarterly Cash Flow Reports) can accelerate the timeliness of price discovery. Unfortunately, the results do not confirm that more announcements on the market could promote the timeliness with which the value-relevant (i.e. earning/income) information is incorporated into share prices. In addition to announcement frequency influences, the price discovery process is faster for companies with better share performance, are larger or have greater profitability. Financial companies have a timelier price discovery process than other companies; the price discovery process of financial companies was affected more by the 2008 – 2010 Global Financial Crisis than that of other companies. This study contributes to the market reaction literature by covering all categories of company announcements and comparing immediate market consequences for each type of announcement, and builds upon the timeliness of the price discovery literature by linking the announcement frequency of each continuous disclosure category to the timeliness with which annual earnings information is incorporated into share prices.

Le présent article porte sur : le rôle du greffier dans la procédure civile congolaise. Il traite de la question du rôle dans la procédure civile selon qu’on se trouve avant, pendant et après un procès en droit. De plus, il démontre succinctement l’essentiel de ce en quoi le concours du personnel de greffe est vital dans l’administration de la justice en droit congolais, au travers de leurs tâches judiciaires et extrajudiciaires telles que, notamment, l’assistance au juge pendant l’audience et la tenue du registre de commerce et de crédit mobilier conformément au droit OHADA. L’étude indique aussi, par ailleurs, la nécessité d’harmoniser les textes en la matière afin d’en constituer un cadre de protection juridique facilement identifiable et tenant compte des usages et pratiques en vue de doter aux agents du greffe la connaissance et la protection idoines qu’implique la technicité de leur office.

Le système judiciaire congolais n’est pas resté inchangé avec l’adhésion de l’Etat congolais à l’Organisation pour l’Harmonisation en Afrique du Droit des...

The execution of the arbitral award ends the dispute between the parties. Consequently, the party who has succumbed may voluntarily execute that decision and then pay the beneficiary of the decision, when it is ordered to pay a sum of money, even without being necessary to be enforceable. But it can happen, and it is often the case that the party who has been condemned refuses to execute the decision spontaneously, even though it has become final and enforceable. A process often encumbered with difficulties in order to execute the arbitral award is then engaged. Several national or international texts lay down the principle of the recognition and enforcement of the arbitral award. From the New York Convention of 1958 on the recognition or enforcement of foreign arbitral awards to the Ivorian ordinance of 2012, determining the intervention of national courts in the arbitration proceedings passing by the uniform act on the law of arbitration, of the Organization for the Harmonization of Business Law in Africa (OHADA), all these texts militate in favor of the enforcement of arbitral awards. How does all this legislation find its application in the Ivorian judicial system? What are the difficulties of enforcing awards in Côte d'Ivoire and what are the challenges? These are the axes of reflection that the issue of enforcement of arbitral awards in Côte d'Ivoire leads us to explore.

L’objectif global de cette thèse est de montrer, que la spécifié des déterminants de croissance d’entreprise est fonction des environnements d’affaires. L’Afrique étant plurielle et multiple de par sa culture, ses moeurs, ses environnements d’affaires, nous avons opté d’étudier le Bénin. Pour atteindre cet objectif global, un sous-objectif est retenu par article parmi les trois que comporte cette thèse. Dans le premier article, il s’est agi de faire une synthèse globale des déterminants de la croissance des PME en les catégorisant. Dans le deuxième article, nous avons procédé à la confirmation des déterminants pertinents (spécifiques) pour le contexte étudié. Dans le troisième article, nous avons évalué l’effet des déterminants retenus sur la croissance des PME étudiées. Ainsi, une approche par étape est utilisée pour atteindre les objectifs précités. Lors de la première étape, une revue systématique de la littérature a permis de faire le point des déterminants de la croissance des PME ainsi qu’une mise en exergue d’un certain nombre de facteurs émergents à étudier (1er niveau de résultat). À la suite de cette étape, nous avons, sur la base d’une analyse en composante principale, essayé de retenir parmi les facteurs émergents, ceux qui pourraient être qualifiés de déterminants spécifiques (2e niveau de résultat). En dernier lieu, à l’aide de la régression panel, nous avons étudié les effets des déterminants spécifiques retenus sur la croissance des PME de notre échantillon (3e niveau de résultat). Entre autres résultats, cette étude met l’accent sur l’importance de certains déterminants spécifiques à la croissance des PME, tels les recours aux compétences externes, les investissements en recherches et en développement et la responsabilité sociale des entreprises.

La présente étude dégage deux tendances majeures. D'une part les sûreés sont fragilisées dans l'AUPC révisé parce qu'elles ne peuvent plus être réalisées librement par leurs titulaires à compter de l'ouverture de la procédure collective. La fragilisation des sûretés personnelles et réelles s'explique par des raisons de recherche de rdressement de l'entreprise débitrice et de traitement collectif des créanciers antérieurs. D'aute part, certaines sûretés (exclusives) résistent aux assauts de la discipline collective. Mais cette survie paraît relative, parce que leurs titulaires ne sortent pas indemnes des sujétions imposées par l'ouverture d'une procédure collective. C'est dure qu'on chasse le droit des procédures collectives, il revient au galop.

Doktora tez konumuz olan imtiyazlı pay sahipleri özel kurulunun temel işlevi imtiyazların korunmasıdır. Bu doğrultuda, imtiyazlı pay sahiplerinin haklarını ihlal edebilecek nitelikte olan genel kurulun anasözleşme değişikliklerinde, yönetim kuruluna sermaye artırımı yetkisi verilmesi kararında ve kayıtlı sermaye sisteminde yönetim kurulunun yaptığı sermaye artırımında özel kurul onayı alınması gerekmektedir. Aksi takdirde alınan genel kurul veya yönetim kurulu kararı uygulanamaz. Özel kurul toplantısının yapılabilmesi bakımından aranan temel şartlardan biri, imtiyazlı pay sahiplerinin haklarını ihlal edebilecek nitelikte bir anasözleşme değişikliği veya yönetim kurulunun sermaye artırımı kararının alınmasıdır. Özel kurul kararının alınmadığı aşamada genel kurul kararı hukuken geçerli, fakat hukuki sonuçlarını doğurması özel kurul onayının varlığına bağlıdır. The basic function of the special committee of preference shareholders is to protect the preferences. In this respect, Art. 454 of the Turkish Commercial Code (TCC) regulates the approval of special committee for the amendments to the articles of association of the general assembly, which are in the nature of violating the rights of the preferred shareholders, authorization for capital increase for the board of directors and the capital increase in the registered capital system. Otherwise, the decision of the general assembly or board of directors cannot be applied. One of the basic conditions sought in order to be able to hold the special board meeting is to adopt an amendment in the articles of association or the capital increase decision of the board of directors. At the stage where the decision of the special board is not taken, the decision of the general assembly is legally valid but its legal consequences are subject to the approval of the special committee.