Bibliographie sélective OHADA

Chapter 4 of the Companies Act of 2008 aims to regulate offers to the public of securities and is reviewed against the principles which underscore the regulation of offerings. An overview of the historical development of the company which is parallel to the regulation of securities shows the crystallized principles which are compared against the development and enactment of the current regulatory regime. The concept of “complete law” as key element to effective regulation is discussed and applied in the review of Chapter 4 determining the effectiveness of the dispensation. The three determining concepts of regulation: the “offer,” “securities” and “public” are studied against the definitions which determine regulation and the inclusion of secondary market regulation of unlisted securities. Serious shortcomings in the process are identified. These errors, together with the practical problems of defining and regulating the secondary market in Chapter 4 read with the remainder of the delineating definitions, concludes that the current system is not in line with the principles of regulation and the Grundnorm of fraud prevention, resulting in Chapter 4 falling under the concept of “incomplete law” resulting in a high probability of enforcement failure and inefficiency. A comparative overview related to the jurisdictions of the United Kingdom and the United States follows with recommendations aimed at amending Chapter 4 relating to the regulatory regime in toto as well as the regulation of unlisted securities in the secondary market.

Après un aperçu de la croissance de l’activité bancaire transfrontalière en Afrique, cet article souligne certains aspects du contexte opérationnel des banques africaines avant d’examiner quelques-uns des défis que pose leur activité transfrontalière aux autorités africaines de réglementation et de supervision financière et les mesures qui devraient être prises pour remédier à ces difficultés.

Abstract not available.

Cet article présente le processus d’intégration du marché des assurances dans les États membres de la CIMA et les acquis depuis sa mise en place, avant d’examiner les principaux défis de la régulation pour les prochaines années. En définissant un cadre juridique clair et en instaurant des standards de gestion et d’organisation cohérents, la CIMA a impulsé une pratique saine des opérations d’assurance. Un important travail d’assainissement du secteur a été effectué malgré les difficultés inhérentes à un environnement naguère peu coutumier d’une discipline forte. Les marchés connaissent encore de nombreuses faiblesses qui renvoient une image de l’assurance qui n’est pas rassurante sur une grande frange de la population. Des réformes sont nécessaires dans le domaine de la gouvernance, de l’adaptation aux standards internationaux et de l’instauration d’un marché unique.

Development is understood to be an economic process that aims at a constant improvement of the well-being of all individuals who have the right to participate and benefits from the fruits of development. Development is also a right that requires a progressive realisation by governments, international communities and private sectors to the satisfaction of all individuals. A progressive realisation of this right requires a vibrant economy, which can be acquired through International trade and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). It is in this context that this thesis has attempted to discuss the influence of FDI and International trade on development. The discussion was initiated by focusing on the history of the multilateral trade system (MTS) by looking at various Ministerial rounds of both the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and the World Trade Organisation (WTO). In this discussion the thesis found that, whilst there are various multilateral political frameworks regulating trade, FDI is subject to regional and domestic political frameworks. The thesis also discussed development in relation to the millennium development goals (MGDs). It was established the goal eight of the MDGs requires the integration of poor countries into the MTS so that they can be able to exploit their comparative advantage. This goal influenced the launching of the Doha Development Agenda (DDA) at the Doha round in 2001. However, the thesis also established that conclusion of the DDA has been progressing at a slow pace. Therefore it has not yielded substantial results for poor countries. The failure to conclude the DDA has led to an increase of Regional Trade Agreements (RTAs), which some scholars view as a supplement of multilateral trade integration. However, the SADC region has not been able to conclude their integration objectives due to the fact that many member states belong to other RTAs. In the case of FDI the thesis established that FDI is accompanied by a wide range of resources for host countries, which can be utilised for enhancing development. However, it was also established that the SADC has not been able to attract lucrative FDI due to a wide range of factors that impede FDI. On this finding, a case study was employed on four countries in the region, namely Angola, Botswana, South Africa and Zimbabwe.