Bibliographie sélective OHADA

Si le principe de la double qualité est fondateur dans le droit coopératif, il demande à être explicité. L’auteur de cet article s’y emploie en étudiant les coopératives ouvrières de production. La loi de 1978 qui en réglemente le statut est sujette à interprétation, en particulier dans la définition du coopérateur ouvrier. Ce dernier est-il un entrepreneur, un salarié ou bien relève-t-il d’un statut hybride qui reste à inventer ? Le statut du coopérateur ouvrier est étudié au travers des modalités pécuniaires et extra-pécuniaires instituées entre le coopérateur et la coopérative. Entre rémunération classique et participation aux fruits de l’entreprise, les rétributions financières apparaissent directement liées au travail. Le coopérateur participe aux organes de direction en sa qualité d’associé et aux organes de représentation du personnel en sa qualité d’ouvrier; il bénéficie des droits et obligations d’un salarié, mais des spécificités sont inhérentes à la qualité de coopérateur. L’analyse fouillée de la nature juridique du statut de coopérateur ouvrier montre bien toute la complexité de la question, traduite dans le contrat de coopération. While the “dual status” principle is fundamental in cooperative law, it needs to be explained. The author of this article attempts to do this by looking at worker cooperatives. The 1978 law governing cooperatives is subject to interpretation, in particular in the definition of a worker cooperator. Is a worker cooperator an entrepreneur, an employee, or a hybrid status waiting to be invented? The status of the worker cooperator is examined by looking at the financial and non-financial arrangements that exist between the worker and the cooperative. Between the traditional form of remuneration and participation in the enterprise's gains, financial rewards appear directly linked to work. The cooperator participates in management bodies by being a member of the cooperative and in bodies representing the employees by being a worker. The cooperator benefits from the rights and obligations of an employee, but the specificities are inherent to the status of a cooperator. The detailed analysis of the legal nature of the cooperator status clearly shows the whole complexity of the issue, which is reflected in the “cooperation contract.”

Criminals are becoming increasingly involved in computing activity and connectivity, but practitioners in the criminal justice field do not seem to be keeping pace with crime in a computing context. Being comfortable with the technology that underpins the Information Age is a non-negotiable skill for those who have to unravel and bring twenty-first century crimes to book. Chapter two of this study therefore sought to serve two purposes. The first aim was to acquaint the reader with the exceedingly complex technologies involved in computers and networks. The second aim was to clarify the technical context and terminology typical of the collection of electronic evidence. South Africa signed the Cybercrime Convention in November 2001. At present, the Cybercrime Convention is the only existing internationally accepted benchmark, inter alia, for the procedural powers aimed at the collection of electronic evidence. The main objective of this study was to consider whether the South African search and seizure, production and preservation devices need to be augmented and/or aligned so as to be on par with the devices proposed in the Cybercrime Convention. This objective was served in two ways. Firstly, an exposition of the requirements, scope, conditions and safeguards of the domestic and transborder search and seizure, production and preservation mechanisms proposed by the Cybercrime Convention was provided in chapter three of this study. Secondly, an exposition of the domestic and transborder international search and seizure, production and preservation devices available in the current South African legislative framework was given in chapter four of this study. A comparative analysis was done between the South African catalogue of criminal procedural search and seizure, production and preservation devices compared to those set out in the Cybercrime Convention. Where any alignment or augmentation of the South African devices was found to be necessary, this study identified these intervention areas. The findings and recommendations based on this comparative analysis were set out in chapter seven of this study. In considering any alignments and/or augmentations required in respect of the South African domestic search and seizure, production and preservation mechanisms, the application of the equivalent mechanisms directed at electronic evidence used in the United States of America and England were investigated in chapters five and six respectively. The lessons learned were also referred to in chapter seven of this study.