Bibliographie sélective OHADA

Trabajo Fin de Curso de Experto Universitario en Derecho Bancario (2015/16). Directora/Tutora: Dra. Dª María Belén González Fernández. El presente trabajo tiene por objeto el estudio, análisis y conocimiento de tres de los diferentes tipos de contratos de arrendamiento financiero existentes y más usados en la actualidad: Leasing, renting y factoring. Se ha analizado de manera independiente y pormenorizada cada uno de ellos, individualizando sus características y funcionamiento a efectos de diferenciarlos y clasificarlos para concretar los casos en los que resultan de utilidad.

Abstract not available.

La faute nautique est l’acte ou négligence du capitaine, marin, pilote, ou préposé du transporteur de marchandises dans la navigation ou dans l’administration du navire. Il s’agit d’un cas excepté, c’est-à-dire qu’elle est de nature à exonérer le transporteur de la responsabilité afférente aux pertes ou dommages à la marchandise, vis-à-vis de l’ayant-droits : chargeur, destinataire ou assureur subrogé. Le présent mémoire s’attache à faire le constat suivant : autour du globe, l’approche qui en est faite par le droit – ensembles législation, doctrine, et jurisprudence – est très étroite. Aussi bien le domaine que les effets de l’exonération pour faute nautique sont ainsi restreints ; les deux étant amoindris par la preuve d’un manquement du transporteur maritime - la faute dans les soins devant être apportés à la cargaison, ou la faute dans la mise en état de navigabilité du navire. L’abordage à faute commune ainsi que l’institution de l’avarie commune peuvent néanmoins générer des situations où l’on constate que la faute nautique joue pleinement. Si l’évolution actuelle du droit maritime semble devoir écarter la faute nautique, comme l’en atteste l’adoption récente des Règles de Hambourg, puis des Règles de Rotterdam, il reste que le cas excepté peut aujourd’hui être invoqué dans la plupart des transports, étant donné la large application de la Convention de Bruxelles du 25 août 1924. Aussi, cette spécificité de la matière maritime mérite certainement une plus grande considération, et l’auteur plaide en ce sens pour une approche moderne et plus cohérente de l’exonération pour faute nautique.

The industry of oil and gas is not peculiar to question anymore, inferable from the global condition as well as its various dimensions. While trying to complete an agreement procedure, it would barely be clear to expect the thing that could happen in the emergence of a debate. Hazard moving and fragmented contracting lie at the heart of the organization relationship innate in the obtainment and financing of extensive scale undertakings, such as power plants, oil and gas pipelines, and condensed natural gas facilities. An examination of gas bonds gives exact proof of the hazard moving results of legally binding inadequacy. This thesis is a basic examination of the discipline we call the law of oil and gas. A number of the imperfections connected with this "specific" status. Jurisprudential with its "uncommon" status. Jurisprudential imperfections have created as courts leave from essential contract, property, or tort law in quest for natural resources ideas. The marvel isn’t restricted to natural resources law but instead can occur in any "law of" setting. This article delineates the issues connected with oil and gas law by dissecting legal ways to deal with perceiving and applying "inferred agreements" under the oil and gas rent. By contrasting the experience and results under the oil and gas lead to the result under an agreement law investigation, it is conceivable to assess whether a specific "oil and gas" govern is vital or prudent. In the past quarter-century, huge changes have happened in the ways legal advisors approach strife. There have been uncommon endeavors to create systems went for more proficient, not so much expensive, but rather more fulfilling determination of contention, including more broad and suitable utilization of intercession and other " alternative dispute resolution " (ADR) approaches. This review analyzes what is known and not considered about the development and effect of ADR in government and state courts, in the business division, and in work and shopper settings. The investigation inspects the relationship amongst ADR and court trial, additionally underlines the more extensive employments of and method of reasoning for intercession and different process decisions. This study concentrates on the oil and gas contract with question by ADR.

LL.M. (International Commercial Law) Please refer to full text to view abstract

Corporate law is based on the premise that directors are fiduciaries of their companies. This is an unbending duty which has to be adhered to at all cost by individuals appointed as directors of a company. Previously the director’s duties were governed by the common law which often relied on the interpretation of the courts on a case by case basis. Therefore the courts would often arrive at different conclusions based on a similar set of facts. The advent of the 2008 Companies Act (Act 71 of 2008)1 brought about a major evolution in South African company law by partially codifying the fiduciary duties of the directors. Understanding fiduciary duties of a director is of significant importance in the modern democracy based on the fact that directors engage on the international spectrum. Company directors have discretionary power which may be abused if they are not familiar with the fiduciary duties. This study seeks to comprehend fully the fiduciary duties of a director of a company. These are the duty to act bona fide, the duty to act for a proper purpose, the duty to avoid conflicts of interest and the duty not to use a corporate opportunity and information for personal profit. This task will be undertaken both in terms of the common law as well as statute (Companies Act 2008 Act). The study will delineate the fundamental consequences of partial codification of these duties and set out the current legal position of the common law which operates in tandem with the statute. In addition, it will deal with whether the common law provisions are still applicable side by side with the statutes. The duties of a company director represent a subject that is not merely academic in nature, but one that is of vital importance in our ever changing commercial world. More and more people are appointed as company directors every day and often they do not know or understand the implications of what they have agreed to.

LL.M. (Commercial Law) <br>The Constitution of the Republic of South Africa is the supreme law in the land. Thus, all law is subject to the Constitution and this inevitably includes the law of contract. The South African law of contract has been inherited from common law, namely Roman–Dutch law and has been applicable in South Africa to date. The Constitution states that the common law should be developed when it is not in line with the provisions of the Constitution. The values underpinning the Constitution are human dignity equality and freedom and these values must therefore be reflected in contractual relations. The common law principle of pacta sunt servanda, which means that agreements must be kept, at times this principle yields unjust and unreasonable results. The strict adherence to pacta sunt servanda has led to difficulties. The unenforceability of these contract terms has been shown in reported case law to stem from standard term contracts, unequal bargaining power and from persons who contract out of necessity. This dissertation concludes that South African law of contract and the current legal treatment of balancing contract law with constitutional values is unsatisfactory. The Bill on the Control of Unreasonableness, Unconscionableness, or Oppressiveness in Contracts or Terms which was tabled in 1998 should be revised and legislated, so as to regulate contracts and infuse the law of contract with the constitutional values of human dignity, equality and freedom.

L’Economie Sociale et Solidaire (ESS) est une nouvelle économie née des inégalités qu’ont connues les sociétés prolétaires mais qui de nos jours demeure une alternative pour lutter contre les conséquences désastreuses de l’économie capitalistique et de la mondialisation. Son principe de base étant de placer l’Homme au cœur de ses diverses activités et organisations, lui permet ainsi de promouvoir la solidarité, une gestion participative, etc. Cependant, elle doit faire face à des problèmes et surtout de financement. C’est dans ce contexte que nous nous interrogeons sur une question de grande actualité aussi en Afrique Sub-saharienne (AfSS) et particulièrement au Congo Brazzaville et au Sénégal à savoir : les mécanismes de financement de l’économie social et solidaire. L’objectif pour nous, est d’étudier les éléments qui forment, cadrent et financent l’ESS en AfSS et particulièrement au Congo-Brazzaville et au Sénégal et de vérifier si les dispositifs existants répondent-ils aux valeurs et principes de l’ESS t-elle que connu aujourd’hui dans le monde. De ce fait, et à partir de nos recherches, nous orientons notre travail sur : le Cadre théorique de cette ESS et ses pratiques en AfSS ; son cadre juridique et dynamique et enfin son rôle et système de financement dans l’activité économique au Congo-Brazzaville et au Sénégal. Ce qui nous a permis d’ailleurs de comprendre que l’ESS est un concept ancien dont les valeurs et pratiques ont toujours existés en AfSS. Qu’elle repose sur des dispositifs juridiques et des réseaux de promotion. Et que malgré quelques insuffisances notoires, les dispositifs financiers mis en place dans ces deux pays en particulier ont permis le développement et la modernisation des pratiques et organisations de l’ESS

A governança global é um fenômeno relativamente novo na ordem internacional. A responsabilidade social corporativa surge como um mecanismo da governança global no que tange à responsabilização das sociedades que assumem atribuição cada vez mais relevante diante do mundo globalizado. Os danos ambientais comumente são fruto da ausência de instrumentos efetivos de responsabilidade. O descarte de resíduos sólidos nos oceanos há tempos vem acontecendo e prejudica o meio ambiente marinho vinculado às águas brasileiras. A comunidade internacional enfrenta o descarte de resíduos em águas internacionais basicamente por meio da elaboração de uma legislação que objetiva regulamentar o despejo de resíduos nos oceanos. Assim, cabe investigar se há uma efetiva resposta ao enfrentamento do problema em termos da logística jurídica atualmente utilizada e sua fiscalização pela comunidade internacional. Parte-se da hipótese de que os instrumentos legais em vigor não se apresentam como uma solução estanque ao problema ante a argumentação da soberania dos Estados que leva a não observância das normas internacionais e a não responsabilização dos infratores. Um mecanismo mais eficaz em termos de regulamentação e de fiscalização, aliado à conscientização e educação ambiental são exigências que se fazem necessárias para combater os efeitos dessa prática que ecoa um dano permanente ao meio ambiente marinho. A metodologia utilizada neste trabalho dar-se-á através da análise teórica sobre o fenômeno a partir de doutrina selecionada que trata das construções conceituais que abordam o tema.

Many contemporary private and public enterprises have been hit by scandals and underperformance which have been linked to organizational leadership. This study therefore sought to establish the impact of leadership styles on organizational performance. Leadership and organizational performance crises that have rocked institutions such as Eskom, the South African Broadcasting Corporation and the South African Airways, Steinhoff, Enron and others necessitated the study. The study focused on MBA year three students (class of 2017) at the University of KwaZulu-Natal. The assumption has been that since these are masters’ students, they have once been exposed to various leadership styles, some of them are leaders, all have studied leadership styles and therefore likely to understand how these styles impact on organizational performance. This is a quantitative study. The total population was 140 students of which a total of 100 were targeted. Simple random sampling was used. Most of the participants revealed that there is a significant link between leadership styles and organizational performance. They unanimously agreed that there is definitely a noteworthy relationship between leadership styles and the organizational performance. The respondents also revealed that transformational leadership style is the most complimentary leadership style to organizational performance followed by strategic and open leadership styles respectively. Participants agreed that toxic leadership style and autocratic leadership style are undermining the organizational performance. It is therefore recommended that organizations ensure continuous checks on leadership in order to ensure that available leadership can assist in the realization of organizational goals. In addition, it is also recommended for organizations to assess the "type" of a leader in terms of leadership styles before he/she is promoted to take leadership roles in the organization in order to make proper placements. This will allow the organization to assess whether that type of a leader is suitable for the organization. Future research is needed on how models can be developed on how to make proper placements to leadership levels/roles. Research should also focus on how leadership styles dovetail with other organizational efforts that are meant to boost organizational performance.

The ability of an organization to adjust its operation in light of the evolving changes in their operating environment determines the sustainability of the business unit in both the short and long term. The objective of the study was to determine the response strategies adopted by Kenyan commercial banks in response to the interest capping laws. A descriptive cross-sectional design was used. The population of the study was 42 commercial banks operating in Kenya. Primary data was collected using a questionnaire that was both closed and open ended. Data was analysed using the descriptive statistics. The study found that banks have employed adaptation strategies through working with other partners in the banking sector to leverage their synergy and concentrate on areas that enhance competitive advantage. The research findings also reinforced the need for the banks to work together as a sector and attempt and change the laws that inhibit their operations through lobby groups in parliament and other forums. The study also show that there exists a link between firms‟ strategic activities and their strategic responses and therefore, bank managers should diversify their product range especially to the youth who are apt in using the mobile technology to access services and improve the bank level of efficiency and effectiveness in their operations. The study recommends that the commercial banks ought to conform to the regulations to attract customers while the Central Bank as a regulator should likewise be sensitive to the operating environment and should be flexible in setting the rules in order to attract investment and support the growth in the banking industry. The Interest capping law is still at its infancy stage in Kenya and thus there is room for further research as the full impact of the law is realized in the long term.

Please refer to full text to view abstract. <br>LL.M. (International Commercial Law)

L’affrètement est un élément incontournable du droit maritime. L’outil que représente le contrat d’affrètement, bien que légalement encadrée, a été notamment forgé et standardisé par les professionnels qui ont su tirer pleinement profit de la liberté contractuelle qu’offrait ce mode d’exploitation. C’est grâce à cette liberté accordé aux parties que l’affrètement a été choisi pour exploiter les navires de grande plaisance. Cependant, malgré que le régime d’affrètement soit adapté à ce type de navigation, la prestation découlant de la mise à disposition d’un yacht doit faire face à de nombreux enjeux fiscaux, juridiques et sociaux qui obligent l’industrie si particulière du yachting à réagir en conséquence et se tourner vers d’autres mode d’exploitation tel que le contrat de croisière.

L' elaborato si propone l' obiettivo di analizzare le nuove tipologie arbitrali introdotte dalla legge n. 183/2010 e le loro probabilità di successo nell'ordinamento italiano. Per far ciò, prima di concentrarmi sulla attuale disciplina, ho proceduto ad una ricognizione storica dell' istituto arbitrale e dell' impianto normativo su cui il legislatore del 2010 è intervenuto. Infine ho svolto un' analisi di diritto comparato, prendendo a riferimento gli ordinamenti di USA ed Inghilterra e verificando come lì l' arbitrato ed in generale i metodi ADR, vengono utilizzati.