Bibliographie sélective OHADA

Les institutions juridiques ont été bâties autour des réalités connues depuis des millénaires, que nous appelons de nos jours des phénomènes du monde réel. Ces phénomènes retrouvent présentement un nouveau théâtre – le cyberespace, et les règles du droit font face au défi de s’approprier ce nouvel environnement. Entre autres, les technologies du cyberespace ont mis au monde divers moyens qui nous permettent de nous identifier et de manifester notre attitude envers les actes juridiques - des finalités qui ont été assurées de longue date par la signature manuscrite. Bien que ces nouveaux moyens aient mérité un nom similaire à leur contrepartie traditionnelle - l’appellation de signature électronique, ils restent des phénomènes dont la proximité avec la signature manuscrite est discutable. Force est de constater que le seul point commun entre les moyens classiques et électroniques de signer réside dans les fonctions qu’ils remplissent. C’est en se basant sur ces fonctions communes que le droit a adopté une attitude identique envers les moyens d’authentification traditionnels et électroniques et a accueilli ces derniers sous l’emprise de ses institutions. Cependant, ceci ne signifie pas que ces institutions se soient avérées appropriées et qu’elles ne demandent aucun ajustement. Un des buts de notre étude sera de mettre en relief les moyens d’adaptation qu’offre le droit pour réconcilier ces deux environnements. Ainsi, pour ajuster l’institution de la signature aux phénomènes électroniques, le droit s’est tourné vers le standard de fiabilité de la signature électronique. Le standard de fiabilité est un complément de l’institution juridique de signature qui ne se rapporte qu’à la signature électronique et dont cette étude démontrera les applications. Les composantes du standard de fiabilité qui occuperont un deuxième volet de notre étude représentent un ensemble de règles techniques liées à la signature électronique. Ainsi, comme le standard de fiabilité puise sa substance dans les propriétés de l’architecture du cyberespace, l’attitude du droit envers la signature électronique s’avère tributaire de la morphologie du cyberespace. Étant donné que les possibilités qui nous sont offertes par la technologie continue à déterminer la réglementation juridique, il est légitime de conclure que l’examen des tendances dans l’évolution du cyberespace nous fournira un point de vue prospectif sur l’évolution des règles du droit. Legal institutions were built in order to govern realities that have been known for ages, which we regard today as real space phenomena. These phenomena have recently found a new stage cyberspace, and accordingly, the rule of law faces the challenge to map this new environment. Diverse means pertaining to cyberspace technologies have made possible the achievement of the objectives of the handwritten signature - identification and exhibition of intent to be bound by legal consequences. Although these new means of technology were labeled with the title “electronic signature”, they remain remote to the phenomenon named “traditional signature”. It is obvious that the sole resemblance between traditional and electronic signatures appears to be in their ability to carry out the same functions. This resemblance grounds an identical legal position to traditional and electronic signatures, through the spread of the existing legal institutions over the new authentication means. However, legal institutions do not turn up to be automatically appropriate irrespectively of a considerable need for adjustment. Thus, the initial objective of our study will be to highlight the techniques of law to settle in the new environment. Aiming the adjustment of the legal institution to the electronic methods of authentication, the legal framework recourses to the reliability criterion for the electronic signature. The importance and the impact of the reliability criterion for the electronic signatures as part of the set of rules related to the signature, gave rise to our interest. Furthermore, we will study the components of the reliability criterion, which represent a set of technical rules governing the electronic signature. Consequently we reach a conclusion underscoring a strong dependence of legal solutions from the potential offered by cyberspace, or in other words, from its morphology. Given this assumption, the study of the tendencies in cyberspace architectural evolution places us in a better position to adopt a prospective point of view over the expectancies on the evolution of the rule of law.

This thesis has found out that the court does not have an efficient means of coercion to apply delivered decisions, there by making the enforcement of the court’s decision cumbersome; decision of the court dealing with sanctions on member state who fail to fulfil their obligations are more complex than the interpretation of ECOWAS text; the research showed that the court also did not provide for the time limit in which an application can be reacted or responded to or time limit in which an annulment decision must be enforced. This thesis has put forth suggestions for the court. The suggestions essentially call for full subregional integration process by the court like all other ECOWAS institutions. The research revealed that the place of the court in the subregional integration will be more important if the decisions delivered by it can be enforced without encumbrance within the ECOWAS region; and that member states and some national institutions should not hold on tightly to their sovereignty but rather try to put enough zeal into facilitating rapid and efficient execution of decisions made by the court. This research work highlighted the extent of the powers of the Community Court of Justice and the factors that have led to it a judicial body with limited powers as regards the lack of access to court being by individual citizens, with the expansion of the provisions of the protocol, the court is bound to blossom in the scope of jurisdiction. It is hoped that this will help to move the sub-region towards greater integration so as to be able to compete in the new competitive global market. The ECOWAS Court has consistently demonstrated courage in the discharge of its vital role in putting an end to violation of all human rights and impunity of perpetrators in the sub region