Bibliographie sélective OHADA

Doktora tez konumuz olan imtiyazlı pay sahipleri özel kurulunun temel işlevi imtiyazların korunmasıdır. Bu doğrultuda, imtiyazlı pay sahiplerinin haklarını ihlal edebilecek nitelikte olan genel kurulun anasözleşme değişikliklerinde, yönetim kuruluna sermaye artırımı yetkisi verilmesi kararında ve kayıtlı sermaye sisteminde yönetim kurulunun yaptığı sermaye artırımında özel kurul onayı alınması gerekmektedir. Aksi takdirde alınan genel kurul veya yönetim kurulu kararı uygulanamaz. Özel kurul toplantısının yapılabilmesi bakımından aranan temel şartlardan biri, imtiyazlı pay sahiplerinin haklarını ihlal edebilecek nitelikte bir anasözleşme değişikliği veya yönetim kurulunun sermaye artırımı kararının alınmasıdır. Özel kurul kararının alınmadığı aşamada genel kurul kararı hukuken geçerli, fakat hukuki sonuçlarını doğurması özel kurul onayının varlığına bağlıdır. The basic function of the special committee of preference shareholders is to protect the preferences. In this respect, Art. 454 of the Turkish Commercial Code (TCC) regulates the approval of special committee for the amendments to the articles of association of the general assembly, which are in the nature of violating the rights of the preferred shareholders, authorization for capital increase for the board of directors and the capital increase in the registered capital system. Otherwise, the decision of the general assembly or board of directors cannot be applied. One of the basic conditions sought in order to be able to hold the special board meeting is to adopt an amendment in the articles of association or the capital increase decision of the board of directors. At the stage where the decision of the special board is not taken, the decision of the general assembly is legally valid but its legal consequences are subject to the approval of the special committee.

Toute étude ou toute analyse des sûretés portant sur les divers biens immatériels — créances, brevets, marques, logiciels, par exemple — peut se révéler pour le moins délicate. La matière demeure caractérisée par une diversité de régimes applicables, qu’ils concernent les modalités de constitution ou de réalisation des sûretés susceptibles d’être mises en oeuvre. Différentes perspectives sont dès lors envisageables, qu’il s’agisse du regroupement en une seule et unique sûreté, d’une harmonisation de ces régimes ou encore de l’élaboration d’un régime primaire, complété par des règles spéciales. A study or analysis of securities in connection with various types of immaterial property — such as debts, patents, trademarks or software — is a perilous exercise. It must take into account a wide range of regulatory instruments addressing the various ways in which the rules are implemented with respect to both the constitution and the realization of security. This opens up several different prospects, such as consolidation into a single form of security, the harmonization of rules, or the creation of a primary scheme that can then be extended using special rules. Cualquier estudio (o cualquier análisis) de las garantías que trata sobre los diferentes bienes inmateriales (como por ejemplo las deudas, las patentes, las marcas y los programas) podría resultar — a lo menos — delicado. El ámbito se caracteriza por poseer una diversidad de regímenes aplicables vinculados con los modos de constitución o de realización de las garantías susceptibles de ejecución. Por ende, se pueden considerar diversas perspectivas, independientemente de que se trate de un conjunto de garantías reagrupado bajo una sola y única de garantía, o que se refiera a una armonización de estos regímenes, o que sea más bien la concepción de un régimen principal que se complementa con reglas especiales.

With citizens’ movements mediated by many technologies that aid our navigation the potential for omnipresent surveillance may potentially institute fundamental changes to the human condition. Locational privacy is pivotal in developing inter-personal associations and relational ties with others and its function is therefore complex, rather than solely affording a degree of independence from the observations made by others. In this respect, a more nuanced understanding of the utility of location data is required; the current hierarchy that delineates personal data from special categories of personal data does not adequately appreciate the capacity for location data to act as a proxy for other sensitive personal data. Furthermore, the binary distinction that reflects the conceptualisation of the right to privacy as a negative right, with related concepts such as identity and personality formation viewed as positive constructs, is increasingly difficult a notion to preserve. The classification and terminology of technologies can illustrate how terms and legal metaphors are developed and applied so as to bridge gaps in applying existing context and precedent. Though the designation ‘location data’ once constituted a reasonable accommodation in nomenclature as an intelligible and easily comprehensible term, even while constituting a significant oversimplification of the data it represented, technological advances have rendered the term increasingly problematic. This study asks whether the existing legal framework at the regional level in Europe is apt to provide sufficiently cogent and coherent regulation given recent developments in technologies. The review analyses the risks associated with this predilection in data processing activities that allows for the identification of ever more intimate and nuanced details of a citizen’s life, behaviours and convictions through the analysis of their location data; in turn, it shall discern the necessity of considering the resulting impacts on citizens’ fundamental rights to privacy and personal data protection.

The paper analyses the rights and duties of Nigerian insurers at common law emanating from the contractual relationship between the insurer and the insured as amplified or abridged under the statute. It argues that the statutory incursion into the common law rules of uberrimae fidei, insurable interest, conditions and warranties and assignment of policies, circumscribing some of the rights exercisable by the insurer against the insured to defeat just claims as well as expanding the scope of the insurer’s duties in order to improve on service delivery is salutary. The paper, however, concludes that further reform measures, aimed at addressing some other salient issues, are still essential in the overall interest of the insuring public.

Cette tribune repose sur la réalisation d’un recueil des points de vue de professionnels de la comptabilité ainsi que des organes intervenant dans la normalisation comptable Organisation pour l’Harmonisation en Afrique du Droit des Affaires (OHADA) au Sénégal. Les résultats de l’investigation sont confrontés à la réglementation comptable en vigueur, afin de mieux cerner les grands axes de normalisation comptable dans l’espace OHADA. Ce travail est novateur dans le sens où peu de travaux académiques portent sur cette thématique à l’échelle de l’OHADA.

The stated purpose of the IFRS Conceptual Framework is to assist the IASB to develop Standards that are based on consistent concepts, and also to assist preparers to develop consistent accounting policies when Standards either do not apply or allow a choice of accounting policy. Yet, the Framework actually does surprisingly little to help the IASB (or preparers) determine which assets, liabilities, income and expenses should be recognised, and how they should be measured. The Framework’s focus on assets and liabilities implies that the accounting can, and should, be determined from the balance sheet. Yet, many current financial reporting requirements focus initially on the income statement, and so they are not so much derived from the Framework as instead in need of being reconciled back to it. At its heart, the problem here is that, while the Framework states that accrual accounting provides a better basis for assessing past and future performance than cash-based information, it does not explain why. To do so would require a conceptualisation of how entities’ business models are employed to create value, and of the strengths and limitations of accounting data in enhancing investors’ understanding of that value-creation. The lack of explanation of the purpose and informational objectives of accruals, how they relate to business models and how they cause the income statement and the balance sheet to interact are gaps in the Framework. Filling those gaps would provide a more robust, and natural, way for the IASB to develop recognition and measurement requirements in its Standards.

Récemment, la Commission des Nations Unies pour le Droit commercial international (CNUDCI) a adopté deux instruments sur la transparence dans l’arbitrage entre investisseurs et États fondé sur des traités. Un Règlement adopté en 2013, prévoit des règles spécifiques pour compléter tout règlement d’arbitrage choisi pour régir un arbitrage conduit sur la base d’un traité d’investissement. Ces règles prévoient notamment, et sous certaines conditions, la publication d’informations et de documents relatifs à l’affaire. Elles permettent aussi que des observations soient présentées par les tiers ou par une partie au traité non partie au litige. Une Convention adoptée en 2014 met en place un mécanisme efficace permettant aux États de prévoir l’application du Règlement sur la transparence à leurs traités d’investissement antérieurs à l’entrée en vigueur du Règlement. À la date de cet article, la Convention compte cinq États parties, dont deux États africains (18 autres États, dont 3 États africains, l’ont signée) et est entrée en vigueur le 18 octobre 2017. Ces efforts de promotion de la transparence dans l’arbitrage d’investissement ont été suivis de discussions au sein de la CNUDCI aboutissant à ce qu’un nouveau groupe de travail au sein de la CNUDCI soit chargé de réfléchir à une possible réforme du système de règlement des différends entre investisseurs et États (RDIE). Dans le cadre de ces réflexions politiques et techniques de haut niveau, la question de la place de la transparence – autre que la transparence procédurale – est récurrente à plusieurs égards et inévitablement au cœur des débats.