Bibliographie sélective OHADA

With the pandemic caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 raging around the world, many countries’ economies are at a crucial juncture. The COVID-19 external shock to the economy has the potential to affect corporate governance profoundly. This Article explores its possible impact on comparative corporate governance. For an economy to operate successfully, a society must first find a politically sustainable social equilibrium. In many countries, historical crises—such as the Great Depression and World War II—have resulted in a reconfiguration of corporate governance institutions that set the course for generations. While it is not yet clear whether COVID-19 will have a similar effect, it is possible that it will change patterns of what kind of firms are -from an evolutionary perspective- likely to survive, and which ones are not. We argue that to some extent, it will accelerate ongoing trends, whereas in other areas it put corporations on an entirely new course. We observe three trends, namely the need for resilience, a growth of nationalist policies in corporate law, and an increasing orientation toward “stakeholder” interests. First, firms will have to become resilient to the crisis and consequently long-term oriented. Corporations that are not operating merely on an arm’s length capital market basis but are integrated into a network, generated by core shareholders, state ownership, or bank lending may be more likely to survive. In addition, firms are beginning to interact with their workforce differently in their attempts to maintain what could be called “healthy human capital.” Second, we are likely to see a resurgence of nationalism in corporate governance to ensure that foreign ownership and interconnected supply chains do not put national security at risk. Third, the existing critiques of inequality but also climate change awareness will accelerate the trend toward a broadening of corporate purpose toward “stakeholderism” and public policy issues. As in the past years, institutional investors acting as “universal owners” will play a role in shaping this trend.

This book comprises 19 papers published in the Special Issue entitled “Corporate Finance”, focused on capital structure (Kedzior et al., 2020; Ntoung et al., 2020; Vintilă et al., 2019), dividend policy (Dragotă and Delcea, 2019; Pinto and Rastogi, 2019) and open-market share repurchase announcements (Ding et al., 2020), risk management (Chen et al., 2020; Nguyen Thanh, 2019; Štefko et al., 2020), financial reporting (Fossung et al., 2020), corporate brand and innovation (Barros et al., 2020; Błach et al., 2020), and corporate governance (Aluchna and Kuszewski, 2020; Dragotă et al.,2020; Gruszczyński, 2020; Kjærland et al., 2020; Koji et al., 2020; Lukason and Camacho-Miñano, 2020; Rashid Khan et al., 2020). It covers a broad range of companies worldwide (Cameroon, China, Estonia, India, Japan, Norway, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Spain, United States, Vietnam), as well as various industries (heat supply, high-tech, manufacturing).

On 15 March 2020 the President of the Republic of South Africa announced a nationwide lockdown. The unpredicted pandemic dictated that extraordinary measures be put in place, which resulted in the country coming to a total standstill. Consequently, there was an alarming decline in economic activities and therefore government had to introduce measures to mitigate the impact of COVID-19 on employers and workers... <br>LL.M. (Commercial Law)

Le législateur algérien a fait le choix au moment crucial de réguler le secteur de la distribution automobile par une règlementation spéciale, considérée comme un instrument de lutte contre l’anarchie et favorisant la sécurité juridique dans ce secteur. L'objectif poursuivi était le suivant : combattre les dysfonctionnements et les anomalies du marché de la commercialisation des véhicules automobiles neufs et garantir une protection au consommateur qui était totalement livré à lui-même. Les nouvelles conditions prévues par le législateur algérien portent sur les procédures administratives, les conditions d’exercice de l’activité de concessionnaires de véhicules neufs, le service après-vente ainsi que la garantie et les délais de livraison auxquels est soumis le concessionnaire automobile. L'objectif principal de cette étude est d’évaluer cette nouvelle règlementation à travers une approche comparative avec le droit européen et le droit français applicables à la distribution automobile. Il s’agit pour cela d’insister sur les différences, ou encore essayer d’identifier des principes communs à ces systèmes juridiques. Ainsi il serait possible de détecter les lacunes en droit algérien et d’anticiper sur les problèmes que peut causer la nature complexe de la distribution automobile afin de bénéficier des expériences déjà acquises en droit européen et français, notamment en matière de pratiques anticoncurrentielles et d’équilibre contractuel. Dans un contexte de mondialisation et d'intégration régionale, la présente étude vise aussi à contribuer au développement de la relation entre l’Algérie et les pays de l’Union Européenne et particulièrement la France, en apportant une meilleure compréhension du système juridique algérien, à travers l'analyse comparée du contrat de distribution automobile, lequel exige une étude plus approfondie grâce à sa complexité, plus particulièrement en matière de droit des obligations, de la concurrence, et de la propriété intellectuelle. إختار المشرع الجزائري في وقت حاسم تنظيم نشاط توزيع السيارات من خلال نص قانوني خاص ، يعتبر كأداة لمكافحة الفوضى وتعزيز الأمن القانوني في هذا القطاع. كان الهدف من ذلك هو مكافحة الاختلالات والعيوب في سوق بيع السيارات الجديدة وتوفير حماية للمستهلك الذي كان مهملا بالكامل. تتعلق الشروط الجديدة التي حددها المشرع الجزائري بالإجراءات الإدارية، شروط ممارسة نشاط وكلاء المركبات الجديدة، وخدمة ما بعد البيع ، بالإضافة إلى الضمان ومواعيد التسليم التي يخضع لها موزع السيارات. إن الهدف الرئيسي من هذه الدراسة هو تقييم هذا النص القانوني الجديد من خلال منهجية المقارنة مع القانون الأوروبي والقانون الفرنسي المطبق على توزيع السيارات. لأجل هذا يتعلق الأمر بالتأكيد على الاختلافات، أو محاولة تحديد المبادئ المشتركة لهذه النظم القانونية. بالتالي ، سيكون من الممكن اكتشاف الثغرات في القانون الجزائري وتوقع المشاكل التي قد تنجم عن الطبيعة المعقدة لتوزيع السيارات من أجل الاستفادة من الخبرات المكتسبة بالفعل في القانون الأوروبي والفرنسي ، لا سيما فيما يتعلق بالممارسات المنافية للمنافسة و التوازن التعاقدي. في سياق العولمة والاندماج الإقليمي ، تهدف هذه الدراسة أيضًا إلى المساهمة في تطوير العلاقة بين الجزائر ودول الاتحاد الأوروبي وخاصة فرنسا ، من خلال تقديم فهم أفضل للنظام القانوني الجزائري ، عن طريق التحليل المقارن لعقد توزيع السيارات ، والذي يتطلب دراسة أكثر تعمقا بسبب تعقيده، وخاصة فيما يتعلق بقانون الالتزامات والمنافسة والملكية الفكرية. The Algerian legislator made the choice at the crucial moment to regulate the automobile distribution sector by a special regulation, considered as an instrument of fight against lawlessness and promoting legal security in this sector. The objective was to combat malfunctions and anomalies in the market for the sale of new motor vehicles and to provide protection to the consumer who was completely left alone. The new conditions stipulated by the Algerian legislator concern the administrative procedures, the conditions of exercise of the activity of dealers of new vehicles, the after-sales service as well as the guarantee and the delivery times to which the car dealer is subjected. The main objective of this study is to evaluate this new regulation through a comparative approach with European law and French law applicable to car distribution. This involves emphasizing the differences, or trying to identify principles common to these legal systems. Thus it would be possible to detect deficiencies in Algerian law and to anticipate the problems that may be caused by the complex nature of automobile distribution in order to benefit from the experiences already acquired in European and French law, particularly with regard to anti-competitive practices and contractual balance. In a context of globalization and regional integration, this study also aims to contribute to the development of the relationship between Algeria and the countries of the European Union and particularly France, by bringing a better understanding of the Algerian legal system, through the comparative analysis of the automobile distribution contract, which requires a more in-depth study because of its complexity, particularly in terms of the law of obligations, competition, and intellectual property.

No abstract available.

A “global” civil procedure has emerged and found its way into debates over procedural reform in both international and domestic arenas. Global civil procedure includes the procedural rules, practices, and social understandings that govern transnational litigation and arbitration. A global civil procedure norm is a norm adopted across courts or arbitration providers with the purpose of making that jurisdiction or provider more competitive in attracting transnational litigation or arbitration. Global civil procedure norms are at stake in multiple present trends and debates, including model laws in commercial arbitration, the procedure of international tribunals, the debate over investment dispute resolution, the rise of courts oriented towards international litigation, and sprawling litigation spanning multiple jurisdictions and fora. On a surface level, the values reflected in global civil procedure seem to be roughly the same across jurisdictions. A common language has emerged around competition for litigation business and procedure values such as efficiency, certainty, and impartiality. Yet different legal systems do not necessarily agree on the purpose of various shared elements of global civil procedure. For democracies, for instance, the purpose of procedural reforms might be to facilitate access to justice. Other countries may favor the same reforms because they facilitate top-down administrative control of judges. Surface agreement can submerge divergent logics that may ultimately lead to very different applications of harmonized rules. This Article begins by introducing the concept of global civil procedure, who uses it, and how. Next, it considers several examples of the phenomenon including conflicts of interest rules for adjudicators, aggrega tion, and discovery or disclosure rules. Finally, it considers the limits of global civil procedure. Although the rhetoric of procedural competition can be heard across systems, procedural values do not necessarily translate both in terms of enduring divisions between legal traditions and in terms of applications by current political regimes.

This work aims to find a practical solution to the problem that exists between intra-EU Bilateral Investment Treaties (BITs) and European Union (EU) law over conflict of jurisdiction issues. Currently, there is a problem as the EU Commission has rendered intra-EU BITs incompatible with EU law. This work argues that the current conflict of jurisdictional problems within investment agreements can be overcome by the creation of an EU investment court. The reliance on this court for the resolution of this conflict, as opposed to private law mechanisms, is important as it is the way forward in handling the conflict of jurisdiction issue at its best. This work argues that an EU investment court will be a panacea to the current problems concerning the conflict of jurisdiction. These problems will be presented through a positivist method where the law is analysed in its current form, highlighting its current weaknesses and resolving these weaknesses by proposing recommendations for such a court through a comparative examination of other international courts that fulfil a similar dispute resolution function, namely the Organisation for the Harmonisation of Business Law in Africa (OHADA) and the Unified Patent Court (UPC) and the World Trade Organisation (WTO). The purpose of this work is manifold. The work will provide an analytical examination of the relationship between EU law and international obligations within intra-EU BITs. It will further explore and assess the viability of a range of alternative solutions to intra EU BITs enforcement within the EU. It will additionally examine the operation of the OHADA, the UPC and the WTO to inform the proposal of an EU investment court. This is important as the outcome of these examinations will support the argument made in this thesis. It will also impact dispute resolution beyond academia by providing a practical solution to alleviate the current challenges with intra-EU BITs. The recommendations thus can inform changes for lex ferenda.

Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad en el marco del Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2013-2016 DER2017-84775-C2-1-P

This contribution considers the legislative regulation of the job security (which boils down to preservation of employment) of employees in case of financial distress of a company. It juxtaposes the legislative regulation of four interrelated processes a company may engage in where it finds itself in financial distress, namely a voluntary internal restructuring (especially retrenchment), the transfer of the business or part of the business, business rescue and winding up. The legislative endeavour to preserve the job security of employees in all these processes is described and analysed. The discussion shows that room exists for companies to circumvent this protection and, to the extent that the protection does apply, that it remains difficult for employees to ultimately challenge the substance of decisions negatively affecting their job security. The main protection for employees in all these processes is procedural in nature and to be found in their rights to be informed of and consulted prior to decisions negatively affecting them. In this regard, business rescue is the most employee-friendly process. Participation in this process by employees, however, requires a fine balance as it may be self-defeating and lead to winding up and the permanent loss of jobs.