Bibliographie sélective OHADA

La flexibilité de la nouvelle législation camerounaise du travail a des limites. En effet, l’employeur, au moment de l’embauche, est tenu de respecter les dispositions d’ordre public absolu prévues par le législateur social. Certaines contraintes spécifiques au droit du travail seront imposées au chef d'entreprise en vue de sauvegarder les intérêts fondamentaux du salarié. D’autres dispositions viseront les intérêts économiques de toute entreprise. Toutefois, il est permis aux partenaires sociaux, avec l’ordre public relatif, d’aménager certaines prescriptions législatives dans un sens plus favorable au salarié. Ils sont libres de le faire à tout stade de leur contrat, sur la base soit de l’article 1134 du Code civil, soit des conventions collectives du travail, des accords d’établissements ou des usages. C’est dire que la formation d’un contrat de travail peut être fortement influencée par des clauses plus favorables.

This article argues that the rule of contra proferentem is not applicable to international sales contracts governed by the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG). It further argues that the common recognition of the rule of contra proferentem under the CISG is an instance of a broader phenomenon which it calls ‘internationality overreach’. ‘Internationality overreach’ is the tendency to project onto the provisions of a uniform private law instrument doctrines and concepts which are inaccurately presumed to constitute universally recognised principles of private law or the ‘common core’ of various legal systems. This article demonstrates that internationality overreach disrupts the goals underpinning the harmonisation of commercial law in two ways: first, it undermines uniformity in the application of international conventions; and, second, it leads to outcomes that fall short of the agreement reached by the Contracting States during the drafting process. While this article focuses on the CISG, the argument developed in this article is of equal relevance to other uniform private law conventions which follow the principle of autonomous interpretation.

Le mariage est une institution fondamentale dans de nombreuses sociétés africaines, et le droit OHADA (Organisation pour l’Harmonisation en Afrique du Droit des Affaires) joue un rôle clé dans la régulation des relations entre époux. Depuis son adoption en 1993, le droit OHADA a visé à harmoniser les législations nationales en matière de droit des affaires et de la famille, le législateur s’est également intéressé aux époux. Dans ce contexte il est essentiel de comprendre la place des époux en droit OHADA, notamment en ce qui concerne les droits et devoirs des époux, la gestion des biens communs et personnels dans leurs activités économiques en mettant en lumière les principaux aspects de ce sujet fascinant. Mariage is a fondamental institution in many African societies,and OHADA law plays a key role in regulating relations between spouses.Since its Adoption in 1993.The aim of ohada law has been to harmonise national legislation on business and family law,and the legislator has also taken an interest in spouses .In this context,it is essential to understang the place of spouses in OHADA law particulary as regards the rights and duties of joint and personal property in their economic activities,by higblighting the main aspects of the subject.

Mode alternatif de règlement des conflits, la transaction s’est introduite dans le droit pénal camerounais. Or, cette discipline est le lieu où s’exerce la violence légitime de l’Etat. La présence de la transaction en son sein suscite des interrogations, qu’il nous est apparu pertinent d’apprécier ce rapprochement. A l’analyse, il s’avère que face à l’engorgement des juridictions et le souci de lutter contre le détournement des deniers publics, la transaction se présente comme un moyen efficace. Aussi, dans une démarche processuelle où la décision imposée est de plus en plus mal ressentie par les justiciables, la transaction se pare de la tunique de la légitimité en aménageant un cadre dans lequel la décision trouve sa source entre une offre et une acceptation. Seulement, le consentement est problématique en cette matière. Pour s’assurer qu’il a été donné de manière libre et éclairé, la présence d’un avocat aux côtés du mis en cause doit être impérative. C’est en cela, qu’à travers la transaction, le droit pénal camerounais peut offrir une justice de qualité.

This article examines corporate governance in Africa and its significance for corporate repurposing. It relies on the framework of the Organisation for the Harmonisation of Business Law in Africa (OHADA), which unites seventeen African states under one corporate law jurisdiction while exploring how the interpretation and practice of this legal system can be integrated with or influenced by national sectoral laws and cultural norms. The workings of these different legal sources denote the case for heterodox pluralism of corporate purpose, whereby corporate membership is not tethered to shareholding only, but the workforce and neighbouring too and corporate legitimacy is not merely a function of legal arrangements but equally derives from broader society. The governance of corporations in Africa must correspond to such imperatives to ensure that the prevailing shareholder primacy norm does not continue its unencumbered de facto reign and reduce African stakeholderism to comparative impotence and mere scholarly exercise.

The Financial Action Task Force (FATF) is a watchdog established to counter the abuse of the financial system by criminals for money laundering, the financing acts of terrorists and proliferation financing. For the FATF to achieve its mandate, it came up with a set of global standards in the form of Recommendations. The Recommendations seek to mitigate the risks of money laundering and terrorist financing and to assess whether FATF member countries are taking effective action to combat money laundering and terrorist financing. South Africa is a member of the FATF and therefore, is obliged to comply with the standards set to combat money laundering and terrorist financing and proliferation. The FATF uses assessments done through peer mutual evaluations. In other words, FATF members assess one another’s anti-money laundering and counter-terrorism financing (AML/CTF) regulatory frameworks for compliance with FATF’s standards. Following the FATF's assessment in the years 2003, 2009 and 2018, South Africa’s AML/CTF regulatory framework was found to be weak leading to greylisting in 2023. The greylisting of South Africa follows the findings of strategic deficiencies in the country’s implementation of the FATF AML/CFT standards. Greylisting by the FATF carries various economic and reputational implications for South Africa such as increased scrutiny from international partners resulting in increased compliance costs for financial institutions, an estimated reduction in South Africa’s gross domestic product (GDP) and a decrease in foreign direct investment (FDI). Since the greylisting, South Africa has embarked on a legislative and regulatory journey to address the shortcomings with a view to be taken off the greylist. This dissertation provides a detailed analysis of the FATF standards, evaluates South Africa's legislative and institutional responses in the form of the Prevention of Organised Crime Act 121 of 1998, Financial Intelligence Centre Act 38 of 2001 and the Protection of Constitutional Democracy Against Terrorist and Related Activities Act 33 of 2004, and assess their effectiveness in addressing the identified deficiencies. Recommendations are suggested to assist in fortifying South Africa’s AML/CTF regulatory framework.

Environmental, social and governance (ESG) issues have gained prominence in recent years. Companies have come to understand their role in the global economy and that their decisions cannot be based solely on profits. They are now required to have regard for the environment in which they operate, to be mindful of the social factors that affect their employees, customers and the community at large, and to ensure that their corporate governance complies with the standards set out in the Companies Act 71 of 2008 and the various King Reports. While ESG has become a buzz word in the corporate world, there is still much uncertainty among stakeholders about what they are required to do and what the reporting requirements, if any, are. Its implementation in South Africa is still in its infancy and there is much uncertainty about what ESG monitoring and compliance truly entail. A perfect illustration of this is the fact that the Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE) only published ESG disclosure guidelines for the first time in 2022. This means that until the guidelines were published, hundreds of companies in South Africa had been wondering aimlessly in the dark when it comes to ESG issues. To make matters worse, while environmental issues and corporate governance issues have received significant attention from scholars and legislators in South Africa alike, the "S" in ESG has received little attention. It is often treated as the undesirable stepchild that everyone conveniently forgets is part of the ESG family. The purpose of this study is to highlight the gaps in the existing ESG regulatory framework, which leads to gaps in the understanding and monitoring of the implementation of the social indicators of ESG. The study aims to firstly determine whether companies in South Africa have a proper understanding of the social framework of ESG and whether the current legal and/or regulatory framework in South Africa offers sufficient guidance to n organisations to ensure that they comply with and fully implement the social guidelines of the ESG framework.