Bibliographie sélective OHADA

The industry of oil and gas is not peculiar to question anymore, inferable from the global condition as well as its various dimensions. While trying to complete an agreement procedure, it would barely be clear to expect the thing that could happen in the emergence of a debate. Hazard moving and fragmented contracting lie at the heart of the organization relationship innate in the obtainment and financing of extensive scale undertakings, such as power plants, oil and gas pipelines, and condensed natural gas facilities. An examination of gas bonds gives exact proof of the hazard moving results of legally binding inadequacy. This thesis is a basic examination of the discipline we call the law of oil and gas. A number of the imperfections connected with this "specific" status. Jurisprudential with its "uncommon" status. Jurisprudential imperfections have created as courts leave from essential contract, property, or tort law in quest for natural resources ideas. The marvel isn’t restricted to natural resources law but instead can occur in any "law of" setting. This article delineates the issues connected with oil and gas law by dissecting legal ways to deal with perceiving and applying "inferred agreements" under the oil and gas rent. By contrasting the experience and results under the oil and gas lead to the result under an agreement law investigation, it is conceivable to assess whether a specific "oil and gas" govern is vital or prudent. In the past quarter-century, huge changes have happened in the ways legal advisors approach strife. There have been uncommon endeavors to create systems went for more proficient, not so much expensive, but rather more fulfilling determination of contention, including more broad and suitable utilization of intercession and other " alternative dispute resolution " (ADR) approaches. This review analyzes what is known and not considered about the development and effect of ADR in government and state courts, in the business division, and in work and shopper settings. The investigation inspects the relationship amongst ADR and court trial, additionally underlines the more extensive employments of and method of reasoning for intercession and different process decisions. This study concentrates on the oil and gas contract with question by ADR.

El Convenio de Nueva York de 1958 permite se busque el reconocimiento y la ejecución de un laudo OHADA en terceros Estados. Sin embargo, admite el empleo de la normativa interna para regir el procedimiento y deja a salvo cuestiones relacionadas con la inmunidad soberana de los Estados. Las nuevas leyes adoptadas en España en materia de cooperación jurídica internacional e inmunidad soberana, establecen la intervención del MAEC cuando un Estado extranjero sea demandado ante tribunales españoles como es el caso Commercial Bank / Guinea Ecuatorial. Esta previsión puede implicar un giro de la jurisprudencia hacia posturas más cercanas a la inmunidad absoluta. Como se verá en este artículo, aunque CBGE haya obtenido el execuátur del laudo en España y logrado el embargo del avión titularidad de Ceiba, las medidas coercitivas de ejecución podrán ser recurridas en revisión por el Estado, quien podrá plantear una estrategia fundamentalmente en dos direcciones: (i) bien demostrando la finalidad soberana del aparato embargado, para defender así su carácter inmune a la ejecución, o (ii) bien alegando que la persona jurídica afectada por el embargo no ha sido parte en el arbitraje y por tanto no es la deudora del laudo. La práctica jurisprudencial internacional ha demostrado que existen gran des posibilidades de que el tribunal termine levantando el embargo si se demuestra fehacientemente alguna de estas dos defensas.

For the past twenty years, international commercial arbitration scholarship has mainly focusedon the private dimension of international arbitration. Part of a greater movement toward the privatization of justice and law, this understanding of the discipline has obscured arbitrators'adjudicative role. By reflecting on different adjudicative models and by analyzing the form andcontent of arbitral decisions, new light can be shed on our understanding of international commercial arbitration.

L’arbitrage de droit commun est régi par l’Acte uniforme relatif à l’arbitrage, véritable loi de procédure harmonisée applicable dans les 17 États membres de l’OHADA. Aux côtés de l’arbitrage CCJA dont il est complémentaire, il a sa légitimité et sa vocation propre qui est de permettre le développement d’un arbitrage de proximité. Conforme aux standards internationaux, qu’il soit ad hoc ou institutionnel, il met au cœur du processus les parties, afin de créer une véritable culture locale de l’arbitrage. À ce titre, il donne un rôle essentiel aux institutions nationales d’arbitrage dont la connaissance de terrain et la proximité des acteurs permettent l’enrichissement de la lex arbitri, jusqu’à permettre aujourd’hui d’inspirer une réforme de cette loi uniforme de l’arbitrage OHADA qui tend vers toujours plus d’efficacité et de modernité. Il nous sera donné en particulier de faire part de l’expérience du Centre d’arbitrage du GICAM, Douala (Cameroun). The Uniform Act on arbitration is the ordinary law that governs arbitration. This Uniform Act is a harmonized procedural enactment that is applicable in the 17 member states of OHADA. It exists alongside, and is complementary to CCJA arbitration. But it has its own legitimacy and its own vocation, which is to allow the development of an arbitration of proximity. Whether considered from an ad hoc arbitration viewpoint, or an institutional arbitration viewpoint, the Uniform Act complies with international arbitration standards. It places the parties at the heart of the arbitral procedure in order to create a local culture of arbitration. In this regard, it provides an important role to national arbitration institutions whose understanding of the field and proximity to stakeholders permit the enrichment of the lex arbitri. Today, this role given to national arbitration institutions has inspired a reform of the Uniform Act on arbitration, which aspires for more efficiency and modernity. We shall, in particular, share the experience of the GICAM Arbitration Centre in Douala Cameroon.

It is not uncommon for states to engage in arbitration proceedings with their investors (“Investor-State Arbitration” or “International Investment Arbitration”) administered under the International Centre for the Settlement of Investment Disputes. When these parties engage in document production during evidentiary proceedings, there arises an issue with regards to documents requested by the investor, which is considered as a “state secret” by the state. Based on the IBA Rules on the Taking of Evidence in International Arbitration (“IBA Rules”), states may have particular interest to refuse the production of a document. This is based on the argument that a document may be exempted from production if the document qualifies as a state secret by virtue of Article 9 of the IBA Rules. This paper will discuss appropriate measures to be taken by tribunals in order to allow for material and relevant evidence to be produced during proceedings, which may be crucial in being able to prove the case of the investor in the case of a conflict pertaining to the production of documents containing state secrets.

Les litiges font partie intégrante du monde des affaires. Les gérer efficacement constitue un défi majeur pour le maintien de la paix sociale et l’accroissement du business. Dans sa mission de sensibilisation aux Marl, le Centre d’arbitrage et de médiation de Madagascar (CAMM) a élaboré et proposé une Charte confiance de règlement des litiges. Cette Charte a pour objectif la continuité des affaires, le respect de la loi et un marché sain et prospère.

La mondialisation a permis l’instauration de plusieurs institutions d’arbitrage. Cette multitude de choix offerte aux investisseurs pourrait induire les parties à choisir une institution défavorable quant à la résolution de leur litige. L’objectif de la thèse est de présenter un modèle de gestion pour les juristes qui facilite le choix de la juridiction la plus efficace ceci avec la mise en œuvre d’un tableau de notation associant des critères multidimensionnels accordant une notation selon le degré d’importance vue par les parties. A ce sujet, le tableau mis en place regroupe les quatre juridictions les plus connues internationalement qui sont les juridictions étatiques, la CCI, le CIRDI et la CNUDCI. L’arbitrage est composé de plusieurs fondements qui lui accordent sa spécificité. L’analyse multidimensionnelle permettrait donc de faire une analyse arithmétique des valeurs comparatives des composantes juridiques et extra-juridiques de l’arbitrage qui forment le tableau de notation afin de faciliter la prise de décisions des investisseurs. Afin de vérifier l’efficacité du tableau de notation, un questionnaire a été adressé aux investisseurs ainsi que des interviews effectuées avec des juristes ont permis de déceler l’impact de l’expérience sur le choix du centre le plus efficace. L’étude de cas de l’affaire COMMISIMPEX est un exemple de l’effet du choix inefficace sur la résolution du litige et explique comment l’expérience pourrait affecter la décision de l’institution d’arbitrage le plus efficace à la résolution du litige. Pour en conclure qu’il n’y a pas de juridiction intrinsèquement meilleure que les autres. Il faut donc procéder au cas par cas et selon ce que les parties recherchent suite à leur litige, pour en déduire la juridiction ou l’institution qui leur serait la plus favorable afin de leurs garantir le plus de droits lors de la résolution de leur litige

Devant le ralentissement des investissements en Afrique, il s’est avéré incontournable de reconstruire un ensemble juridique moderne adapté à l’exigence de protection des activités économiques. Les Présidents des pays, essentiellement de la zone franc, ont ainsi signé le 17 octobre 1993 le Traité relatif à l’harmonisation du droit des affaires en Afrique visant à garantir la sécurité juridique et judiciaire. Le droit issu de ce traité a donné naissance à divers Actes uniformes dont l’Acte uniforme relatif à l’arbitrage. L’objectif de notre étude a été d’analyser, principalement à partir de ce texte et sa pratique, dans quelle mesure les opérateurs économiques bénéficient, par l’arbitrage, d’une meilleure garantie d’encadrement de leurs activités. Si l’arbitrage apparait comme étant un instrument pertinent en termes de protection des investissements, c’est qu’il allie deux exigences fondamentales : la liberté ainsi que la sécurité. En effet, la liberté des parties et des arbitres est au fondement de la procédure arbitrale, garantissant aux opérateurs économiques l’assurance d’une justice plus adaptée aux exigences internationales. L’arbitrage doit également offrir une sécurité juridique dans la résolution des conflits permettant de sauvegarder les intérêts des parties tout en assurant l’efficacité de la sentence arbitrale.

L’arbitrage est la motivation première de la création de l’Organisation pour l’Harmonisation en Afrique du Droit des Affaires (OHADA) pour lutter contre l’insécurité juridique et promouvoir son développement. Cet arbitrage s’inspire des règles matérielles de l’arbitrage international qui accorde une importance particulière à la volonté des parties.L’arbitrage dans l’espace OHADA est régi par le Traité, un acte uniforme et le règlement d’arbitrage de la Cour Commune de Justice et d’Arbitrage(C.C.J.A).Le droit de l’arbitrage a certes amélioré le cadre normatif surtout dans les pays qui n’en disposaient pas, mais au bout de plus d’une décennie d’existence, cet arbitrage est confronté à de nombreuses difficultés d’application. Ces difficultés proviennent de ces acteurs (parties, arbitres et juge national).Ainsi, notre réflexion vise à analyser les difficultés d’application à partir du contentieux arbitral et à proposer des mesures susceptibles d’améliorer le droit et la pratique de l’arbitrage.

This article explores the possible modification of the UNCITRAL Model Law on International Commercial Arbitration (MAL) to include the topic of arbitrability. This is an area in which the domestic legal systems differ, particularly in relation to the arbitrability of intra-corporate disputes. The article also deals with new art 2A, introduced into the Model Law in 2006, which deals with the interpretation and gap-filling system under the Model Law. The interpretation of MAL in accordance with its international character is a very important step towards uniformity and therefore the different tools required for a uniform interpretation are analysed. These include case law and scholarly writings; the meaning and importance of achieving both a uniform and an international interpretation of MAL are also considered. The article also analyses the whole text of MAL in order to arrive at the general principles on which the Model Law is based; when problems have to be solved, these principles should guide issues of interpretation that arise under this law.

Growth in international trade has led to considerable expansion of the scope of matters capable of settlement by arbitration. In spite of sustained scholarly activity on arbitrability, the question of what is arbitrable remains controversial but relevant in many regions of the world, including Africa. Arbitrability has the potential to affect the validity of an arbitration agreement, strip an arbitrator of jurisdiction, or derail enforcement of an award. Given the significance of the concept, it is vital that entities involved in international transactions do not speciously extrapolate knowledge of what pertains in Europe and America across all jurisdictions and regions of the world. This study draws a comparison between arbitrability and its relationship with public policy in Europe and America on one hand, and the trend in Africa in an attempt to critically investigate the extent to which African states are willing to extend the scope of arbitrable subject matters. A number of trends on arbitrability are discernible. Most commercial disputes are arbitrable and this observation generally aligns with practice in Europe and America. Beyond this, there are three significant differences in the areas of scope of subject matter, approaches to arbitrability regulation and the role of public policy.

This second conference in the SOAS Arbitration in Africa Conference series examined how African judges can better support the growth of arbitration. The conference was hosted by the The Lagos Court of Arbitration in their premises in Lagos, Nigeria from 22-24 June 2016. This conference booklet contains some of the papers and slides, and photographs from the conference.

The Nigerian judicial system is currently in a state of distress. Not only has the judiciary been trailed by allegations of corruption, incompetence and god-fatherism amongst others, the wheels of justice in Nigeria are slowly grinding to a near halt. This is because of the large and growing case list of courts as well as the recurrent industrial strike actions embarked upon by court staff. As a solution to this crisis, stakeholders have put forward a number of suggestions, one of which is the use of alternative dispute resolution methods like domestic arbitration, as a solution to the problems of the judiciary and as a viable alternative to the court system. As we will however come to see in this thesis, Nigeria’s Arbitration and Conciliation Act 1988 (“Arbitration Act”), which is based on the UNCITRAL Model Law 1985, is not only outdated, it is also for many reasons not suitable and relevant to a developing country as Nigeria. For example, the existing Arbitration Act fails to take the legal and social idiosyncrasies of the Nigerian nation into consideration. Furthermore, the Act fails to incorporate the pre-existing and judicially recognized customary arbitration practice into the Act. In addition, the Nigerian Arbitration framework contains a number of anti-arbitration provisions, which have clearly inhibited the growth of domestic arbitration in Nigeria. Moreover, between 1988 and now, a number of beneficial changes have occurred within the sphere of arbitration and from which the Nigerian arbitration framework can draw lessons. All these among others, make the Nigerian Arbitration Act an unsuitable alternative to the court system in Nigeria. This thesis therefore recommends a bespoke domestic arbitration framework, which takes account of the legal and social idiosyncrasies of the Nigerian nation as well as recent but relevant domestic arbitration practices in similar jurisdictions as Nigeria. Among other recommendations, the proposed framework borrows a leaf from the deeply rooted and judicially recognised customary arbitration practice in Nigeria. Furthermore, in a bid to identify and incorporate relevant provisions and practices that have emerged within the sphere of domestic arbitration between 1988 and now, we undertake a comparative analysis of the Ghanaian Alternative Dispute Resolution Act 2010, the UNCITRAL Model Law 2006, the English Arbitration Act 1996 as well as the Uniform Act on Arbitration 1999 of OHADA. It is believed that this modern but tailored framework will encourage the use of domestic arbitration in Nigeria and by extension ameliorate the problems in the judicial system.

L'arbitre est un juge privé, il tranche, il juge, et il détient la balance de la justice, pourtant sesdécisions ne seront exécutoires que si le juge étatique compétent le décide. Ainsi soumise aucontrôle du juge, la sentence arbitrale s'intègre dans l'ordre juridictionnel. Elle doit doncrespecter l'ordre public et, plus généralement, les principes directeurs du procès. Certes, c’estune sentence oeuvre de justice et, au même titre que les décisions des tribunaux étatiques,bénéficie de l'autorité de la chose jugée.Les textes légaux et les règles qui gouvernent la procédure arbitrale ont une très grandeimportance tant pour les parties, que pour les arbitres. Ce sont en effet ces règles, et lapossibilité de les choisir, qui participent à la spécificité de l’arbitrage.La présente thèse identifie et analyse les diverses facettes de l'intervention du juge dans laprocédure d'arbitrage. S'il s'avère d'un précieux appui à l'arbitrage, le juge est aussi chargéd'en vérifier la régularité et d'en assurer l'efficacité.

Resumo: Este artigo versa sobre a prática da mediação incidental no processo do trabalho e sua potencial contribuição para a efetiva solução de conflitos decorrentes da dispensa de trabalhadores dotados de garantia provisória do emprego. Acusa o uso desordenado da conciliação incidental, indiscriminadamente aplicada na solução de conflitos individuais situados no âmbito de relações trabalhistas, tanto circunstanciais quanto continuadas. Busca responder ao seguinte problema de pesquisa: a prática da mediação judicial incidental na Justiça do Trabalho pode contribuir para a efetiva solução de conflitos decorrentes da dispensa do trabalhador dotado de garantia provisória do emprego? Estabelece as bases do fenômeno da difusão dos métodos alternativos de solução de conflitos, no contexto do movimento universal de acesso à justiça. Desenvolve considerações sobre particularidades da conciliação e da mediação, destacando os aspectos principais de distinção entre elas. Finalmente, avalia a aplicação dos métodos autocompositivos, considerando as particularidades das controvérsias decorrentes da dispensa de trabalhadores dotados de garantia provisória no emprego. Conclui que, por objetivar a exploração aprofundada dos interesses em jogo, o fortalecimento do diálogo e da relação entre as partes, além do empoderamento dos envolvidos, a mediação judicial incidental seria a via mais adequada para a administração de conflitos decorrentes da dispensa de trabalhadores com garantia provisória do emprego. Além isso, evidencia uma proposição legislativa sobre o tema, já submetida à apreciação da Comissão de Juristas responsável pela elaboração do Anteprojeto de Lei de Arbitragem e Mediação, do Senado Federal.