Bibliographie sélective OHADA

La sécurité juridique est un idéal qu’il semble difficile de réaliser dans un environnement pluraliste, à l’instar de celui du Cameroun dans lequel il existe d’une part des règles traditionnelles d’inspiration locale et d’autre part des règles dites « modernes » d’inspiration étrangère. L’impératif d’unification a conduit à l’adoption de textes dans plusieurs domaines, y compris en matière de procédure pénale. Ces textes s’appliqueront sur tout le territoire en lieu et place des règles préexistantes. Mais, le constat fait en pratique est que les normes adoptées en général et celles de procédure pénale en particulier, ne bénéficient pas d’une confiance légitime de la majorité de ses acteurs. Elles souffrent de ce fait d’une crise de crédibilité et surtout d’effectivité en raison d’un éloignement persistant de la justice qu’elles proposent des réalités locales. Cet éloignement, apparaissant ici entre autre comme la source de la crise, a d’importantes implications (sur le système, et surtout sur ses acteurs) qui permettent de mieux comprendre ou expliquer la crise et ses manifestations. Legal security is an ideal that seems difficult to achieve in a pluralistic environment, like that of Cameroon in which there is traditional rules and modern rules. However, to remove this normative plurality, the national legislature decided to adopt after independence texts in each of the branches of law, including criminal procedure, texts which would should be apply throughout the territory instead of those that already existed in each part of the country. But it is clear that these legal norms of criminal procedure, are suffering from a crisis of credibility in regard to the fact that people do not truly belong to them, because the justice they contain is far from their local realities. This situation has implications in the system which can explain the crisis and his manifestations.

This thesis examines the jurisprudence of the World Trade Organization (WTO) Panels and Appellate Body (AB) and investment tribunals on non-discrimination clauses contained in the WTO agreements and investment agreements respectively. The thesis puts forward an alternative conceptual perspective through which the interpretation of non-discrimination provisions in international economic law could be analysed. It is argued that nondiscrimination obligations (as every legal rule to a greater or lesser extent) are inherently indeterminate. This is a fortiori the case in regard to non-discrimination provisions due to their link to the concept of equality. The concept of equality is open-ended and value-laden: its content depends on the prioritisation of different values. Thus, equality in the economic sphere can accommodate different conceptions which reflect different ideological approaches in relation to regulation, economic development and the proper role of the State in the economy. International courts and tribunals enjoy broad discretion in selecting which conception of equality to adopt when interpreting non-discrimination clauses. This indeterminacy is a positive characteristic of international economic regimes. Both the WTO and the investment arbitration regime are equipped with institutional characteristics which enable the contestation of different ideological approaches and promote pluralism. In the WTO context, this role is fulfilled by the institutional structure of the organization which facilitates the dialogue between the WTO members and the WTO Dispute Settlement System. In the realm of international investment arbitration, the mechanism of party-appointed arbitrators, despite its shortcomings which can be addressed, ensures value pluralism.

En el marco del contrato de transporte aéreo de pasajeros, la determinación de los presupuestos que hacen nacer la responsabilidad de las compañías áreas en caso de accidente, sigue planteando, a tenor de lo dispuesto en su normativa especial, serias dudas interpretativas tanto en la jurisprudencia como entre nuestra doctrina. Entre ellas, precisamente, está la propia noción de lo que debe, a estos efectos, entenderse por “accidente”, habida cuenta de que la normativa no nos ofrece una definición expresa al respecto. Aún identificando el accidente como la causa última del daño, y no con el daño en sí, no todo hecho que termine provocando la muerte o las lesiones en un pasajero debe merecer aquella calificación. La noción de accidente engloba aquellos sucesos que, directamente relacionados con las operaciones y la utilización de la propia aeronave como medio de transporte, provoquen un daño. La identificación, en este sentido, con los accidentes aéreos es indudable. Las dudas, sin embargo, se centran en aquellos otros sucesos que, ante un desenvolvimiento normal del vuelo en sí, puedan provocar un daño al pasajero. Pues no cabe duda de que la legislación especial también hace responsable a las compañías aéreas de los accidentes que tengan lugar, no sólo a bordo de la aeronave, sino en las operaciones de embarque y desembarque.

The focus of this study is the protection of creditors’ rights in South Africa’s statutory business rescue regime provided for in Chapter 6 of the Companies Act 71 of 2008. In this analysis, three issues in particular are addressed in depth. The first is the creditors` power to initiate the business rescue process. The second is the position of creditors between the commencement and the termination of the business rescue process. The third issue is to suggest (on the basis of experience drawn from reported case law and academic criticism of the current business rescue statutory provisions) an improved model that will more effectively safeguard creditors’ rights in South Africa’s business rescue regime. In exploring these issues, I give a critical review of pertinent literature. With respect to the first issue, I conclude that the legislative provisions granting creditors the right to seek a court order initiating the business rescue process are open to criticism. By contrast, a resolution of the board of directors for the commencement of business rescue is a simpler route. With regard to the second issue I conclude that the company’s creditors have considerable influence in the business rescue process. Overall, the current statutory business rescue regime is intended to give a voice to all major stakeholders in the company’s continued solvent existence. In the event of certain irresoluble disputes in the course of that process, the judiciary has the final say. A substantial number of judicial decisions have provided interpretations of the statutory provisions, and the trend has been to try to restore financial ailing companies to solvency and viability where there is a reasonable prospect for success in this regard. In my conclusion, I propose a legislative model that seeks to strike an optimum balance between the competing and sometimes conflicting interests of the various interested parties and I suggest reforms directed at enhancing the protection of creditors’ rights. This thesis takes account of South African legislation and legislative amendments as at 31 December 2016 and of decisions of the South African courts up to and including those handed down during April 2017 and reported in the saflii on-line law reports. Since a substantial part of this thesis was written from outside South Africa, the author relied heavily on the safllii data base of judgments of the South African courts, rather than on hard copy law reports which take time to reach their destination by post.

Please refer to full text to view abstract. <br>LL.M. (International Commercial Law)

Proteção internacional do consumidor turista. Primeiramente, são apresentados elementos para demonstrar a relevância e a contextualização do tema. Em seguida, são apresentados alguns conceitos importantes para delimitar o tema, seguido de uma descrição sobre o comportamento e as expectativas do consumidor turista. Na segunda parte, são apresentados os diferentes meios de tutela internacional do consumidor turista, começando pelas organizações internacional, passando pelos blocos regionais e concluindo com os desenvolvimentos nacionais. Na terceira parte, trata-se da governança global em prol da proteção internacional do consumidor. Começase pela governança local e a cooperação jurídica internacional; em seguida, é trabalhada a governança regional e a cooperação jurídica internacional, concluindo com a governança global e a cooperação jurídica internacional. Como conclusão, defende-se a inserção de proposta da regra mais favorável ao consumidor em casos internacionais na atualização do Código de Defesa do Consumidor; no âmbito regional, há uma demanda por aprimoramento e estruturação da tutela do consumidor turista internacional; Por fim, conclui-se da necessidade de uma proteção do consumidor turista internacional de forma mais difusa, por meio de uma convenção da Conferência de Haia sobre o Direito Internacional Privado - HCCH.

Healthcare markets have started being created in Europe. Indeed, some European countries, such as the UK and the Netherlands, have started adopting the choice and competition model for healthcare delivery. Taking as a starting point that as health systems in Europe move towards market driven healthcare delivery, the application of competition law in these systems will increase, the goal of this doctoral thesis is (a) to identify some of the competition problems that may be raised in light of the reality that especially in hospital and medical markets the pursuit of competition and the pursuit of essential dimensions of healthcare quality may inevitably clash (b) to demonstrate that competition authorities would be unable to address some of these competition problems if they did not pose and address a fundamental question first: how should we define and assess quality in healthcare? How should we take healthcare quality into account in the context of a competition analysis? In delving into these questions, this doctoral thesis explores how the notion of healthcare quality is defined from antitrust, health policy and medicine perspectives and identifies three different models under which competition authorities may actually assess how a specific anticompetitive agreement or hospital merger may impact on healthcare quality. These are: (a) the US market approach under which competition authorities may define quality in healthcare strictly as choice, variety, competition and innovation (b) the European approach under which competition authorities may extend the notion of consumer welfare in healthcare so that it encompasses not only the notions of efficiency, choice and innovation, but also the wider objectives and values European health systems in fact pursue (c) the UK model under which competition authorities may cooperate with health authorities when they assess the impact of a specific transaction on healthcare quality. The thesis identifies the main merits and shortcomings of these models and emphasizes that what is crucial for the adoption of a holistic approach to healthcare quality is not only the model under which healthcare quality is actually integrated into a competition analysis but also competition authorities’ commitment to protect all dimensions of this notion.

Pay sahipleri genel kurula katılma maliyetlerinin fazla gelmesi, buna ayıracak zamanlarının olmaması veya sağlık sorunları gibi sebeplerle dolayı genel kurula katılmak istemeyebilir. Bunun sonucunda pay sahiplerinin şirketin işleyişine ve genel kurul kararlarına etki etme olasılıkları zayıfladığından; genel kurullarda, etkin ve iyi organize olmuş pay sahipleri gerçekte çoğunluk olmasalar da istedikleri kararların alınmasını sağlayabilmektedirler. Bu durum genel kurulda güç boşluğu sorununun doğmasına neden olmaktadır. Bu kapsamda anonim şirket genel kurulunda pay sahibinin temsilinin bu konudaki sorunları giderme de önemli bir rolü vardır. İşte tezimizin konusu, TTK ve SerPK çerçevesinde anonim şirket genel kurulunda pay sahibinin temsilidir. Bilindiği üzere 6102 sayılı TTK bir bütün olarak 01.07.2012 tarihinde yürürlüğe girmiş ve böylece elli yılı aşkın bir süredir uygulanan 6762 sayılı eTTK'yı yürürlükten kaldırmıştır. Yine 6362 sayılı SerPK 30.12.2012 tarihinde yürürlüğe girerek 2499 sayılı SerPK'yı yürürlükten kaldırmıştır. Bu yeni kanunlarda tez konumuzla ilgili olarak bir dizi değişiklikler yapılmış ve yenilikler getirilmiştir. Tez konusunun seçilmesindeki amaç, pay sahibinin temsiliyle ilgili olarak TTK ve SerPK mevzuatlarında getirilen yeni düzenlemelerin Yargıtay kararları, öğretideki görüşler ve mukayeseli hukuk ışığında değerlendirerek olası problemler karşısında çözüm önerileri getirip Türk Hukukuna katkı sağlamaktır. Bu tez çalışmasının ortaya konulması sırasında özellikle konuya kaynaklık eden İsviçre Hukuku ve literatüründen faydalanılmıştır. Konu, Türk Hukuku bakımından incelenirken İsviçre Hukukundan farklılıkları ve benzerlikleri ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır. Bunun dışında konumuzla ilgili olarak Alman, Amerikan, İngiliz ve Avrupa Birliği Hukuklarından da yararlanılmıştır. Yapılan değerlendirmeler sonucunda birçok sonuçlar elde edilmiştir. Ancak özellikle şunu belirtmeliyiz ki; halka açık anonim ortaklıklar düşünülerek getirilen TTK m. 428'de ifade edilen toplu temsilciler ile ilgili düzenleme, SerPK m. 30/4'te ve SPK II-30.1 sayılı Tebliğ m. 5/3 düzenlemeleri sebebiyle uygulanmayacaktır. Üstelik bu hükümler nedeniyle Türk Ticaret Kanunu ile Bazı Kanun ve Kanun Hükmünde Kararnamelerde Değişiklik Yapılmasına Dair Kanun Tasarısı Taslağı m. 12'de TTK m. 428, 430 ve 431 hükümlerinin yürürlükten kaldırılması öngörülmektedir. Getiriliş amacı geniş kitlelerin temsilini sağlamak olan bu hükümleri yürürlükten kaldırmak yerine, SerpK'nın ilgili hükümleri ile gerekli koordinasyon sağlanarak, bunların tüm ortaklıklar yönünden uygulanmasının yolu açılmalıdır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Anonim Ortaklık; Genel Kurul; Pay Sahibi; Temsil. Shareholders may refrain to join general assembly meetings due to the reasons like participation costs, lack of time and health issues. Since the possibility of the shareholders to have an impact on the functioning of the company and its general assembly gets weakened as a result of non-attendance, active and well-organized shareholder groups-despite the fact that they do not constitute the majority of the shareholders- may achieve their desired general assembly decisions. This particular issue causes an occurrence of a power gap in general assemblies. In this context, representation of the shareholders in the general assembly of the joint stock companies plays a role of utmost importance in eradicating such problems. Hence, the topic of my thesis is the representation of the shareholders in the general assembly of the joint stock companies within the legal framework of Turkish Commercial Code and Turkish Capital Market Code. As known, Turkish Commercial Code No. 6102 came into force in 01.07.2012, repealing former Turkish Commercial Code No. 6762 which was in force for more than fifty years. Also, Turkish Capital Market Code no. 6362 came into force in 30.12.2012, repealing former Turkish Capital Market Code no. 2449. There has been a series of amendments performed on those two codes concerning my thesis topic. My main goal on choosing this topic is to contribute to Turkish Law through assessing those amendments in the light of supreme court orders, scientific opinions and comparative law and to provide solutions to the existing and prospective problems. In preparation of this work, apart from Turkish Law, Swiss Law is highly referenced as it constitutes the main source of the issue. Therefore, while assessing the point, similarities and differences between Turkish and Swiss law is asserted. Besides, German Law, European Union Law, American Law and English law are also referenced for the sake of the proper assessment of the topic. As a consequence of made analyzes, a lot of conclusions are drawn. However, it is to be pointed out particularly that the regulations in Turkish Commercial Code No. 6102 article 428 which were provided considering open joint stock companies will not be applied because of Turkish Capital Market Code No. 2449 article 30/4 and the regulation of Turkish Capital Market Board no. II-30.1 article 5/3. Moreover, because of those provisions, repealing of the articles no. 428,430,431 of Turkish Commercial Code no. 6102 is at stake. Instead of repealing those provisions of Turkish Commercial Code no. 6102 -which aim at representation in a broader sense- establishing the coordination between those provision and related Turkish Capital Market Code provisions and enabling the application of those provisions on all sort of companies must be done. Keywords: Joint Stock Company, General Assembly, Shareholder, Representation

No abstract

L’affrètement est un élément incontournable du droit maritime. L’outil que représente le contrat d’affrètement, bien que légalement encadrée, a été notamment forgé et standardisé par les professionnels qui ont su tirer pleinement profit de la liberté contractuelle qu’offrait ce mode d’exploitation. C’est grâce à cette liberté accordé aux parties que l’affrètement a été choisi pour exploiter les navires de grande plaisance. Cependant, malgré que le régime d’affrètement soit adapté à ce type de navigation, la prestation découlant de la mise à disposition d’un yacht doit faire face à de nombreux enjeux fiscaux, juridiques et sociaux qui obligent l’industrie si particulière du yachting à réagir en conséquence et se tourner vers d’autres mode d’exploitation tel que le contrat de croisière.

The picture presented and often referred to in EU internal market law and legal scholarship is clear. Within the internal market private actors are the recipients of rights and public authorities are constrained in their (regulatory) powers. The notion of this new individualism is bound up with capacities, powers, and resources that empower private actors to engage in the internal market and cross-border situations;ultimately serving the objectives the internal market seeks to attain. Yet, within thinew individualism a conceptually different class of private actors has emerged that is constrained in economic freedoms, i.e. through obligations, rather than being empowered in the context of the internal market. This thesis will enquire the reasons that led to the development of this counter-culture. Why did it emerge? To what extent does this phenomenon affect the roles of private actors in the internal market? I will demonstrate that under the counter-culture private actors are responsibilized and transformed into ‘competent authorities’, i.e. alternative forms of regulatory authority, in the internal market. Private actors are placed into systems of shared responsibilities the relationships of which are coordinated by EU internal market law. In this regard, the concept of responsibility will serve as a tool to bridge the gap between the new positions EU internal market law allocates to private actors and the emerging legal consequences, i.e. allocation of obligations or tasks. The legal contexts of EU free movement law, EU discrimination law, EU food safety law and EU data protection law will serve as case studies against which the construed conceptual framework will be tested. Under the counter-culture the new individualism is no longer only about the exercise of self-interests. Rather, this form of the new individualism comes with a requirement to give account to the interests of other actors within the internal market.

"Açık Kambiyo Senetleri" başlıklı bu çalışmada, 6102 sayılı Türk Ticaret Kanunu'nun 680. maddesinde yer alan düzenlemeden hareketle Türk hukukunda açık kambiyo senetleri; yani açık bono, açık poliçe ve açık çek ele alınmıştır. Açık kambiyo senetleri, senedi verenin, ileride unsurları tamamlanarak geçerli bir kambiyo senedi şeklinde ortaya çıkmak üzere, karşı tarafa bir doldurma yetkisi ile birlikte vermiş olduğu, imza dışındaki unsurlarının tamamı ya da bir kısmı boş bırakılmış olan, unsurları tam kambiyo senetlerinin ön aşaması niteliğindeki senetlerdir. Açık kambiyo senetlerinde imza sahibi, senedin anlaşmaya aykırı doldurulması rizikosunu üstlenmektedir. Bu nedenle ortaya çıkan hukuki görünüşe güvenerek senedi devralan kötüniyeti veya ağır kusuru bulunmayan hamil iktisabında korunur. TTK'nın 680. maddesinde açık kambiyo senetleri yalnız def'i yönünden ele alınmıştır. Oysa konuya ilişkin olarak üzerinde durulması meseleler bundan ibaret değildir. Bu nedenle üç ana bölümden oluşan bu çalışmanın birinci bölümünde açık kambiyo senetlerine ilişkin genel açıklamalara; ikinci bölümünde açık kambiyo senetlerinde doldurma hakkı, devri ve sona ermesine; üçüncü bölümünde ise açık kambiyo senetlerinin anlaşmaya aykırı doldurulmasının taraflar arası ilişkilerde ileri sürülmesi, ispatı ve cezai sonuçları konularına yer verilmiştir. In this study titled "The Blank Bills of Exchange", starting from Regulation in Article 680 of the Turkish Commercial Code no 6102, The Blank Bills of Exchanges; namely, blank bills, blank notes, and the blank cheques have been evaluated in Turkish law. The Blank Bills of Exchange are the preliminary notes of the full bill of exchange that the singer gave it to the opposing party with a filling entitlement to be revealed in the form of a valid bill of exchange in the future; all or some of the elements outside the signature are left blank. In the Blank Bills of Exchange, the owner of the signature undertakes the risk of filling the notes contrary to the agreement. For this reason, the person takes over the bill of exchange relying on the revealed legal appearance is protected as holder without bad faith or gross negligence. In the 680th article of the Turkish Commercial Code, the blank bills of exchange are dealt with only in terms of exceptions. However, this is not the only issue to focus on. For this reason, in the first part of this study, which consists of three main parts, general explanations about the Blank Bills of Exchange are given while the right to fill, turnover and termination in exchange notes are discussed in the second part. In the last chapter, the submission, prove and criminal consequences of the fulfilment of the Blank Bills of Exchange contrary to the agreement at the inter-party relations are introduced.

East African Community Law provides a comprehensive and open-access text book on EAC law. Written by leading experts, including the president of the EACJ, national judges, academics and practitioners, it provides the most complete overview to date of this increasingly important field. Uniquely, the book also provides a systematic comparison with EU law. EU companion chapters provide concise overviews of EU law and its development, offering valuable inspiration for the application and further development of EAC law. The book has been written for all practitioners, judges, civil servants, academics and students faced with questions of EAC law. It discusses institutional, substantive and jurisdictional issues, including the nature of EAC law, free movement and competition law as well as the reception of EAC law in Partner States.

The study, entitled “Identification of the parties to the employment relationship: an appraisal of teleological interpretation of statutes”, is a legal-interdisciplinary doctrinal investigation situated within the fields of labour law and the interpretation of statutes. It concerns itself with the proper interpretation of labour legislation in general and the interpretive question as to who should be party to the employment relationship in particular, within the context of the advent of constitutionalism and the proliferation of and the increase in the importance of labour legislation. In law, meaning-generation is a function of statutory interpretation and every application of a text to particular circumstances entails interpretation. The protection extended by labour legislation is only extended to those persons who are defined as “employees”. The study describes the teleological model of statutory interpretation, which aims to give effect to the purpose of a legislative provision in light of constitutional values. The study explores the five elements of (teleological) interpretation that should be considered when interpreting concepts such as “employee”: the text, the context, the telos (or values), the history and the comparative dimension. The chief findings of the study includes: that legislation has become an indispensable source of contemporary labour law; that the courts have adopted a teleological approach to the interpretation of statutes; that the courts have, in interpreting the term “employee”, adopted a teleological approach to the interpretation of statutes; and that the interpretations advanced by the courts have not had the profound effect envisaged by the Constitution on the transformation of society.

The debate on business and human rights attracts the interest of many parties, and regularly makes the headlines. On 19 January 2017 De Morgen, for instance, ran the following headline: “These banks do business with companies that violate human rights and nature”. The discourse suggests that few question that business enterprises should respect human rights. The legal meaning and consequences of associating 'business' with 'human rights' remain contentious, however. By clarifying the existing legal framework this thesis seeks to rationalize the debate. Special attention is paid to enforcing the responsibility of business enterprises for human rights through domestic judicial remedies. The analysis is concretised through a case study on adverse human rights impacts of environmental degradation caused by mining in South Africa. Based on the findings of the study, the thesis reflects on how the international legal framework on business and human rights should be developed further.

Birlikte satma hakkı ve birlikte satışa zorlama hakkı pay sahipleri sözleşmesinde yer alan iki haktır. Bu hakların kaynağı Amerikan hukukudur. Bu haklar ülkemizde anonim şirket esas sözleşmelerinde sıklıkla yer almaktadır. Bu çalışmada Amerikan hukukundan gelen bu haklar Türk Ticaret Hukuku kuralları açısından incelenmiştir. İnceleme yöntemi ilk olarak hakların tanıtılması ikinci olarak ortaya çıkardığı hukukî ilişkinin niteliğinin tespiti ve son olarak hukukumuza ait yasal düzenlemeler karşısında ne derece geçerli kabul edilebileceğinin belirlenmesi şeklindedir. Çalışmada, hakların karşılaştırmalı hukuktaki yeri incelenmiştir. Bu kapsamda yabancı mahkeme kararları ve yasal düzenlemeler hakkında bilgi verilmiştir. Akabinde hakların hukukî niteliği ve haklardan doğan borçlar incelenmiştir. Son olarak hakların anonim ve limited şirket sözleşmelerinde yer alması durumunda meydana gelebilecek hukukî sorunlar tartışılmıştır. Bu kapsamda hakların yarattığı pay devir sınırlandırmasının anonim şirketler hukukunda yer alan kurallar karşısındaki durumu incelenmiştir. Ayrıca hakların limited şirketlerde pay devri ile ilgili düzenlemeler açısından geçerliliği tartışılmıştır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Birlikte Satma Hakkı, Birlikte Satışa Zorlama Hakkı, Pay Devrinin Sınırlandırılması, Pay Sahipleri Sözleşmesi, Anonim Şirket Esas Sözleşmesi. Tag along right and drag along right are two rights in shareholders' agreement. The source of these rights is American Law. These rights are frequently found in the articles of association of the joint stock company in our country. In this study, these rights coming from American law were examined in the terms of Turkish Commercial Law. The examination method is firstly the identification of the rights, secondly the determination of the nature of the legal relationship that emerges from the rights and finally the determination of the extent to which they can be regarded as valid under the legal regulations of our law. In the study, the position of the rights in comparative law were examined. In this context, information is given about the foreign court decisions and legal regulations. Then the legal nature of the rights and the obligations arising from the rights were examined. Finally, the legal issues that may arise in case of the rights are included in joint stock company and limited company contracts are discussed. In this context, the situation of the share transfer restrictions created by the rights against the rules in the corporation law has been examined. Furthermore, the validity of the rights in terms of the share transfer regulations in limited companies has been discussed. Keywords: Tag Along Right, Drag Along Right, Share Transfer Restriction, Shareholders' Agreement, Article Of Association.

تم تناول الحماية القضائية للعلامة التجارية كدراسة مقارنة في بابين، تناولت في الباب الأول الحماية الموضوعية للعلامة التجارية، حيث وقفت فيه على الإطار القانوني العام لحماية العلامة التجارية في الفصل الأول، وذلك بالقيام بتعريف العلامة التجارية في مبحث أول، كما تم تحديد الشروط الموضوعية والشكلية اللازم توافرها لصحة العلامة التجارية في مبحث ثاني، ثم عرجت في الفصل الثاني على مضمون حماية العلامة التجارية حيث حاولت فيه إعطاء صورة متكاملة عن أهمية التدخل التشريعي في حماية العلامة التجارية في مبحث أول، أما المبحث الثاني فقد خصصته لدور الاتفاقيات الدولية في تحقيق الحماية للعلامة التجارية. أما الباب الثاني من هذه الدراسة فقد تناولت فيه الحماية الإجرائية للعلامة التجارية، بالوقوف على الحماية المدنية للعلامة التجارية في الفصل الأول ، والذي وضحت فيه الأساس القانوني لدعوى المنافسة غير المشروعة في المبحث الأول، أما المبحث الثاني فقد حددت فيه الشروط الواجب توافرها لقيام لدعوى المنافسة غير المشروعة، وكيفية مباشرة دعوى المنافسة غير المشروعة في المبحث الثالث، كما بينت في الفصل الثاني من هذا الباب الحماية الجنائية للعلامة التجارية، بتحديد نطاق الحماية الجزائية للعلامة التجارية في المبحث الأول، ثم عرجت على الجرائم الواقعة على العلامة التجارية في المبحث الثاني، أما المبحث الثالث فقد ناقشت فيه موضوع القواعد الإجرائية الخاصة بالدعوى الناشئة عن جرائم التعدي على العلامة التجارية، وخلصت من خلال هذه الدراسة إلى عدد من النتائج والتوصيات.