Bibliographie sélective OHADA

Milletlerarası Özel Hukukta Kambiyo Senetleri başlığını taşıyan çalışmamız, üç bölümden oluşmaktadır. Bu konuyu seçmemizin başlıca nedeni, kambiyo senetleri alanında yapılan (veya yapılacak olan) yeknesaklaştırma çalışmalarının milletlerarası özel hukuk alanına etkilerini ortaya çıkarmaktır.Tezimizin Birinci Bölümünde, kambiyo senetleri (ticarî senetler) başlığı altında, öncelikle kanunlar ihtilâfı hukuku açısından önem arz eden kıymetli evrak ve kambiyo senetlerinin bazı konuları üzerinde genel hatlarıyla durulmuştur. Daha sonra, yabancılık unsuru, vasıflandırma, atıf, bağlama noktaları gibi kambiyo senetlerine ilişkin olarak ortaya çıkan kanunlar ihtilâfı hukukunun genel problemleri incelenmiştir. Son olarak, kambiyo senetlerine uygulanacak hukuka ilişkin olarak Cenevre Konvansiyonları sistemi ile Anglo-sakson hukuk sistemi genel olarak incelenmiştir.Tezimizin İkinci Bölümünde, milletlerarası özel hukuk düzenlemelerinde kambiyo senetleri başlığı altında, öncelikle kambiyo senetlerine ilişkin uyuşmazlıklarda milletlerarası yetki üzerinde durulmuştur. Bu konuya ilişkin olarak, Brüksel Konvansiyonu, Brüksel I Tüzüğü ve La Haye Konvansiyon taslağı gibi milletlerarası sözleşmeler incelenmiştir. Sonra, uygulanacak hukukun tespitinde faydalanılan taahhütlerin birliği ve taahhütlerin bağımsızlığı esasları ele alınmıştır. Anglo-sakson hukuk sisteminde kambiyo senetlerine ilişkin düzenlemeler incelendikten sonra, diğer sistem içinde kalan Cenevre konvansiyonları üzerinde durulmuştur.Tezimizin Üçüncü Bölümünde, Türk milletlerarası özel hukukunda kambiyo senetleri başlığı altında, yine öncelikle milletlerarası yetki konusu ele alınmıştır. Uygulanacak hukuk kısmında vasıflandırma üzerinde durulduktan sonra, önce poliçe ve bonolara uygulanacak hukuk, daha sonra çeke uygulanacak hukuk inceleme konusu yapılmıştır. Uygulanacak hukuka ilişkin incelemelerimizde önce ehliyet, şekil gibi kambiyo senedinin geçerlik şartlarına ilişkin konuları, sonra sırasıyla kambiyo taahhüdünün hükümlerine ve kambiyo taahhüdünün icrasına uygulanacak hukuk ile ilgili konular ele alınmıştır. Our study, under the title of Commercial Papers in Private International Law comprises three chapters. The main reason in choosing this subject is that reveal effects of unification works in the commercial papers on the field of private international law.In the first chapter of the thesis, under the title of commercial papers, first some subjects of negotiable instruments law and commercial papers which critically important for conflict of laws have been mentioned. Next, general matters of conflict of laws such as foreign element, classification, renvoi and connecting factors have been examined respectively. Lastly the system of Geneva Conventions and Anglo-sakson law system have been examined generally relating to applicable law.In the second chapter of the thesis, under the title of commercial papers in arrangements of private international law, first international jurisdiction dealing with the conflicts of commercial papers have been dwelled upon. International conventions such as Brussel Convention, Council Regulation (EC) No. 44/2001 and Draft of Hague Convention on Jurisdiction and Foreign Judgments in Civil and Commercial Matters regarding this subject have been examined. Next, the principle of combination of stipulations and the principle of independency of stipulations are used in determination of law applicable have been handled. After the arrangements of Anglo-sakson law were examined, the other system, Geneva Conventions? rules have been dwelled upon.In the third chapter of the thesis, under the title of commercial papers in Turkish private international law, first international jurisdiction has been handled. First the classification, then applicable law to bills of exchange and promissory note and applicable law to cheque has been examined. In this part, terms of validity of commercial papers such as capacity, form, applicable law to obligations arising out of a commercial paper and applicable law to subjects regarding discharge of a commercial paper have been handled respectively.

Performance requirements are part of a system of policy measures implemented by states to advance their economic, social and political objectives. A universally agreed upon definition of performance requirements is not available. Rather they are defined by the applicable legal norms and their assessment is dependent upon their effect on the parties of each individual case. The scope of legal protection these regulations provide must be measured separately for each norm within the scope of the specific legal framework. This dissertation has two objectives: First, the implementation and legal effect of performance requirements in international investment and trade law are investigated. Secondly, a legal test will be developed, that allows for an assessment of performance requirements. In a first step, the legal treatment of performance requirements will be analyzed from a theoretical perspective. Subsequently, the legal practices relating performance requirements and the relevant provisions in international investment and trade law will be identified. The developed legal test does not only do justice to the economic, social and political framework within which each performance requirement must be looked at but is also adaptable in a way that it can be applied to a variety of situations and legal traditions. It satisfies both the demands of legal certainty and clarity as well as facilitating the finding of justice on an individual basis. Understanding the advantages of foreign direct investment, the analysis performed aims promote the usage of performance requirements in a way that foreign direct investment will push the global economy forward.

This thesis examines the structure of enquiry that arbitral tribunals use to distinguish between regulatory expropriation and legitimate non-compensable regulation in international investment law. The thesis proposes a new taxonomy of the possible structures of enquiry: the enquiry could look exclusively to the effects of the measure on the protected property; exclusively to the characteristics of the impugned measure; or to both the effects on the property and the characteristics of the measure. The application of this taxonomy shows that there is no agreed structure of enquiry in decisions on regulatory expropriation in international investment law. However, various threads of jurisprudence do show some degree of internal consistency. The thesis identifies six approaches in the decisions of arbitral tribunals: two that look exclusively to the effects of the measure; one that looks exclusively to the characteristics of the measure; and three that consider both the effects and the characteristics of the measure. Of the three approaches that consider both the effects and the characteristics of a measure, one is a direct adoption of US 5th Amendment jurisprudence and another is a direct adoption of ECHR Article 1 – Protocol 1 jurisprudence. Chapters 4 and 5 examine the jurisprudence of the US and ECHR in detail. These chapters show that, unlike international investment law, each of these jurisdictions has an established structure of enquiry in cases of regulatory expropriation. All six approaches to regulatory expropriation are sketched as models. These model approaches are applied to the case study of Piero Foresti. The case study demonstrates the most significant conclusion of this thesis: that different structures of enquiry, and different approaches within those structures, necessarily entail different legal outcomes on the same facts.

Borçluların alacaklılarına zarar vermek kastıyla malvarlığını veya işletmesini devretmesi ile mücadeleye yönelik icra hukuku hükümlerinin incelendiği bu çalışmada üç ana bölüm yer almaktadır. İlk bölümde konunun kapsamını oluşturan malvarlığı, özel malvarlığı, işletme ve ticari işletme kavramları detaylı olarak tarif edilmektedir.İkinci bölümde maddi hukuk açısından, üçüncü bölümde değinilen İcra Hukuku hükümlerinin uygulanmasında önem taşıyan malvarlığı veya işletmenin devrinde devreden ve devralanın sorumluluğu açısından düzenleme getiren BK m. 179 hükmü, kaynak İsviçre ve Alman Hukukları'ndaki hükümler ile birlikte değerlendirilmektedir.Malvarlığı veya işletmesini alacaklılarına zarar vermek kastıyla devreden borçlularla mücadele olanaklarına sadece İcra Hukuku hükümlerinde yer verilmiş olması nedeniyle çalışmamızın asıl konusunu oluşturan üçüncü bölümde ise, İİK m. 280/III ve m. 44 uygulamasının olumlu ve olumsuz yanları, yargı kararları eşliğinde belirtilmektedir. There are three chapters in this work which deals with the regulations related to combating with the debtors who transfer their assets or businesses in order to harm their creditors. In the first chapter the asset, separate property, enterprise and businesses that are forming the scope of work are defined in details.In the second chapter, the Turkish Obligation Code Art. 179 that regulates the obligation of the debtors transfering their assets or businesses in order to harm their lenders is considered in light of the source law of Swiss and German regulations.For the reason that the only regulations for combating with the debtors who transfer their assets and businesses in order to harm their creditors are arranged within the Turkish Execution and Insolvency Code, in the third and the main chapter, the related articles of 280/III and 44 are considered in light of the Supreme Court decisions with their positive and negative effects.

Les positions doctrinales qui alimentent le débat sur l'existence et la nature du droit devant régir le cyberespace et les activités qui s'y déroulent prolifèrent, mais s'enferment presque inévitablement dans une schématisation tripartite qui oppose « classiques », « modernistes » et partisans d'une approche intermédiaire. Notre étude rend compte de ce débat, avant de l'investir en évaluant la pertinence des approches en présence à la lumière de la problématique du contrat électronique conclu par les agents intelligents. Son dénouement suggère préalablement la définition de la notion du contrat électronique, voire l'exploration de ses assises théoriques, de manière à la distinguer de la notion traditionnelle du contrat. L'issue de cette démarche préliminaire permet d'envisager le formalisme comme élément distinctif du contrat électronique. Or, sa prise en compte lacunaire par le droit positif permet d'affirmer, déjà à cette étape, la pertinence de l'approche moderniste du droit du cyberespace. La confirmation de cette conclusion partielle viendra à l'étape subséquente, avec la considération, dans la définition du contrat électronique, de la réalité des cocontractants d'intelligence artificielle, c'est-à-dire des agents intelligents. À cette étape aussi, la convenance de l'approche moderniste découle des faiblesses des approches classique et intermédiaire en regard de l'encadrement de ce phénomène.