Bibliographie sélective OHADA

The study, entitled “Identification of the parties to the employment relationship: an appraisal of teleological interpretation of statutes”, is a legal-interdisciplinary doctrinal investigation situated within the fields of labour law and the interpretation of statutes. It concerns itself with the proper interpretation of labour legislation in general and the interpretive question as to who should be party to the employment relationship in particular, within the context of the advent of constitutionalism and the proliferation of and the increase in the importance of labour legislation. In law, meaning-generation is a function of statutory interpretation and every application of a text to particular circumstances entails interpretation. The protection extended by labour legislation is only extended to those persons who are defined as “employees”. The study describes the teleological model of statutory interpretation, which aims to give effect to the purpose of a legislative provision in light of constitutional values. The study explores the five elements of (teleological) interpretation that should be considered when interpreting concepts such as “employee”: the text, the context, the telos (or values), the history and the comparative dimension. The chief findings of the study includes: that legislation has become an indispensable source of contemporary labour law; that the courts have adopted a teleological approach to the interpretation of statutes; that the courts have, in interpreting the term “employee”, adopted a teleological approach to the interpretation of statutes; and that the interpretations advanced by the courts have not had the profound effect envisaged by the Constitution on the transformation of society.

The debate on business and human rights attracts the interest of many parties, and regularly makes the headlines. On 19 January 2017 De Morgen, for instance, ran the following headline: “These banks do business with companies that violate human rights and nature”. The discourse suggests that few question that business enterprises should respect human rights. The legal meaning and consequences of associating 'business' with 'human rights' remain contentious, however. By clarifying the existing legal framework this thesis seeks to rationalize the debate. Special attention is paid to enforcing the responsibility of business enterprises for human rights through domestic judicial remedies. The analysis is concretised through a case study on adverse human rights impacts of environmental degradation caused by mining in South Africa. Based on the findings of the study, the thesis reflects on how the international legal framework on business and human rights should be developed further.

Birlikte satma hakkı ve birlikte satışa zorlama hakkı pay sahipleri sözleşmesinde yer alan iki haktır. Bu hakların kaynağı Amerikan hukukudur. Bu haklar ülkemizde anonim şirket esas sözleşmelerinde sıklıkla yer almaktadır. Bu çalışmada Amerikan hukukundan gelen bu haklar Türk Ticaret Hukuku kuralları açısından incelenmiştir. İnceleme yöntemi ilk olarak hakların tanıtılması ikinci olarak ortaya çıkardığı hukukî ilişkinin niteliğinin tespiti ve son olarak hukukumuza ait yasal düzenlemeler karşısında ne derece geçerli kabul edilebileceğinin belirlenmesi şeklindedir. Çalışmada, hakların karşılaştırmalı hukuktaki yeri incelenmiştir. Bu kapsamda yabancı mahkeme kararları ve yasal düzenlemeler hakkında bilgi verilmiştir. Akabinde hakların hukukî niteliği ve haklardan doğan borçlar incelenmiştir. Son olarak hakların anonim ve limited şirket sözleşmelerinde yer alması durumunda meydana gelebilecek hukukî sorunlar tartışılmıştır. Bu kapsamda hakların yarattığı pay devir sınırlandırmasının anonim şirketler hukukunda yer alan kurallar karşısındaki durumu incelenmiştir. Ayrıca hakların limited şirketlerde pay devri ile ilgili düzenlemeler açısından geçerliliği tartışılmıştır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Birlikte Satma Hakkı, Birlikte Satışa Zorlama Hakkı, Pay Devrinin Sınırlandırılması, Pay Sahipleri Sözleşmesi, Anonim Şirket Esas Sözleşmesi. Tag along right and drag along right are two rights in shareholders' agreement. The source of these rights is American Law. These rights are frequently found in the articles of association of the joint stock company in our country. In this study, these rights coming from American law were examined in the terms of Turkish Commercial Law. The examination method is firstly the identification of the rights, secondly the determination of the nature of the legal relationship that emerges from the rights and finally the determination of the extent to which they can be regarded as valid under the legal regulations of our law. In the study, the position of the rights in comparative law were examined. In this context, information is given about the foreign court decisions and legal regulations. Then the legal nature of the rights and the obligations arising from the rights were examined. Finally, the legal issues that may arise in case of the rights are included in joint stock company and limited company contracts are discussed. In this context, the situation of the share transfer restrictions created by the rights against the rules in the corporation law has been examined. Furthermore, the validity of the rights in terms of the share transfer regulations in limited companies has been discussed. Keywords: Tag Along Right, Drag Along Right, Share Transfer Restriction, Shareholders' Agreement, Article Of Association.

تم تناول الحماية القضائية للعلامة التجارية كدراسة مقارنة في بابين، تناولت في الباب الأول الحماية الموضوعية للعلامة التجارية، حيث وقفت فيه على الإطار القانوني العام لحماية العلامة التجارية في الفصل الأول، وذلك بالقيام بتعريف العلامة التجارية في مبحث أول، كما تم تحديد الشروط الموضوعية والشكلية اللازم توافرها لصحة العلامة التجارية في مبحث ثاني، ثم عرجت في الفصل الثاني على مضمون حماية العلامة التجارية حيث حاولت فيه إعطاء صورة متكاملة عن أهمية التدخل التشريعي في حماية العلامة التجارية في مبحث أول، أما المبحث الثاني فقد خصصته لدور الاتفاقيات الدولية في تحقيق الحماية للعلامة التجارية. أما الباب الثاني من هذه الدراسة فقد تناولت فيه الحماية الإجرائية للعلامة التجارية، بالوقوف على الحماية المدنية للعلامة التجارية في الفصل الأول ، والذي وضحت فيه الأساس القانوني لدعوى المنافسة غير المشروعة في المبحث الأول، أما المبحث الثاني فقد حددت فيه الشروط الواجب توافرها لقيام لدعوى المنافسة غير المشروعة، وكيفية مباشرة دعوى المنافسة غير المشروعة في المبحث الثالث، كما بينت في الفصل الثاني من هذا الباب الحماية الجنائية للعلامة التجارية، بتحديد نطاق الحماية الجزائية للعلامة التجارية في المبحث الأول، ثم عرجت على الجرائم الواقعة على العلامة التجارية في المبحث الثاني، أما المبحث الثالث فقد ناقشت فيه موضوع القواعد الإجرائية الخاصة بالدعوى الناشئة عن جرائم التعدي على العلامة التجارية، وخلصت من خلال هذه الدراسة إلى عدد من النتائج والتوصيات.