Bibliographie sélective OHADA

Text of a talk given by the author at the University of West London on 8 March 2016 on the topic of Alternative Dispute Resolution, its relation to the concept of access to justice and the idea of practising law in the interest of justice.

International arbitration allows great flexibility of the parties to structure their whole relationship. One of the key factors is the choice of the law applicable to the substance of the relationship. CISG is intended for the regulation of such relations between international businessmen. This paper builds on the empirical evidence of the International Arbitration Surveys conducted among various groups of practitioners on their reasoning con cerning choice of law applicable to the substance of the relationship and argues that although CISG is not chosen by them frequently (or arguably not chosen at all), this “omission” is not warranted.

This Chapter aims to distill a consistent approach to arbitrators’ independence and impartiality from past decisions on disqualification requests. In a first part, the interpretation of the manifest lack requirement provided for in Article 57 icsid Convention is scrutinized. The definition of this threshold (i.e. the burden of proof imposed on the challenging party) is crucial, because it determines the effectiveness of the right to an independent and impartial decision-maker. The second part of the Chapter inquires how specific categories of alleged conflict are dealt with. It seeks to derive consistency and predictability from the outcome or reasoning of disqualification

In The Independence and Impartiality of ICSID Arbitrators, Maria Nicole Cleis examines the standard of independence required under the ICSID Convention, as evidenced in existing disqualification decisions, and makes novel suggestions for reforms to ensure unbiased decision-making. Readership: All interested in International Investment Law and investor-State arbitration in particular. Readership includes academics, lawyers and arbitrators involved in investment-related disputes (including in-house counsel), treaty negotiators and NGOs.

Content research papers : - The Application of CISG in International Arbitration; - CISG and Arbitration in the Hungarian Legal Practice; - Time Limits in Arbitration Agreements : What Can We Expect, if We Fail to Meet Them? - Interpretation Hardships Regarding the CISG, in Particular Article 7; - Awarding Punitive Damages in Czech Arbitration Proceedings; - Award of Legal Costs in Arbitration with Focus on Regulation in the Slovak Republic; - Advantage or a Disadvantage? The Costs of Arbitration Court Proceedings in Hungary.

Les lois mauricienne et malgache relatives à l’arbitrage international s’inspirent toutes deux de la Loi type de la CNUDCI. En dépit de cette source d’inspiration commune, ces deux pays présentent plusieurs aspects divergents. Ces divergences, liées à l’arbitrage international, se retrouvent, non seulement, au sein des caractéristiques législatives et juridictionnelles de chacun de ces États, mais également au sein des caractéristiques des institutions arbitrales promues par ces deux pays. International arbitration laws in Mauritius and Madagascar are both largely inspired by the UNCITRAL Model Law. Despite this similar source of law, these countries have various differing aspects. In the field of international arbitration, discrepancies between these two States can be found, on one hand, in the legislative and jurisdictional features and, on the other hand, in the features of arbitration institutions showcased by these two countries.

La thèse analyse en théorie du droit l’évolution de la procédure civile sous l’angle des enjeux de l’accès à la justice. Elle formule l’hypothèse d’un modèle de régulation sociale qui opère un renversement de la perspective moniste positiviste classique par l’intégration des modes extrajudiciaires de PRD. La thèse répond à la question de recherche suivante : Quels fondements théoriques à l’évolution de la procédure civile pour l’amélioration de l’accès à la justice ? D’un point de vue méthodologique, la thèse opte pour une démarche théorique et documentaire. Elle emprunte aux principales Écoles de théories du droit, en particulier à l’École sociologique. Le cadre théorique s’appuie alors sur les théories du pluralisme juridique, des systèmes et du réseau. Ces théories irriguent la thèse tout entière et servent de grille analytique aux deux parties principales de celle-ci. Dans la première partie, la thèse délimite et précise le concept d’accès à la justice. En trois chapitres, cette première partie s’attèle méthodiquement à déconstruire les acceptions dominantes institutionnelles et restrictives du concept. Elle aboutit à l’élaboration d’une définition innovante à valeur théorique et pratique de l’accès à la justice. Dans la seconde partie, l’analyse porte sur l’évolution des paradigmes de la procédure civile. En trois chapitres, elle pose une critique du système dominant de règlement des conflits en général et de la procédure civile en particulier qui reposent sur le droit selon les principes de hiérarchie des normes. La thèse déconstruit cette vision, puis propose une théorie générale supportant la légitimité des modes extrajudiciaires de PRD. Finalement, la recherche suggère une évolution de la procédure civile et soumet à cet effet un modèle de système de justice alternatif intégrant les modes extrajudiciaires de PRD. Le modèle de régulation proposé est non antinomique et complémentaire au modèle dominant. Le modèle de régulation sociale construit dans la thèse s’articule autour de trois paradigmes fondamentaux à savoir la décentralisation, la multipolarité et la complémentarité. La thèse constitue un compendium d’analyses et soumet un cadre de référence des paradigmes de base d’un système de justice renouvelé pour l’amélioration de l’accès à la justice.

Madagascar s’est doté d’un arsenal juridique cohérent et attractif relatif aux investissements. La panoplie de mesures est étoffée allant d’une loi spécifique sur les investissements (loi 2007-036 sur les investissements à Madagascar), à un cadre institutionnel tel que l’EDBM, et enfin des engagements internationaux (adhésion à la convention de Washington de 1965, ratification de plusieurs APPI (Accords pour la promotion et la protection réciproques des investissements) avec la France, le Benelux... À la lumière de cet arsenal en faveur des investissements, il est permis de dire que l’arbitrage, mode de règlement des différends pour les investissements, est placé au cœur d’une politique d’attraction et de sécurisation des investissements. Toutefois, la pratique malgache de l’arbitrage international tant commercial qu’en investissement révèle un certain nombre de dysfonctionnements et de défaillances qui impactent sur l’environnement des affaires. Madagascar has developed a coherent and attractive legal arsenal for investment. The range of measures was refined ranging from a specific investment law (Law 2007-036 on investments in Madagascar) to an institutional framework such as the EDBM, and international commitments (accession to the Washington convention of 1965, Ratification of several APPI [Agreements for the Promotion and reciprocal Protection of Investments] with France, the Benelux...). In the light of this arsenal in favor of investments, it can be said that arbitration, the method of settlement of Investment Disputes, is at the center of a policy of attracting and securing investments. However, the malagasy practice of international arbitration, either for commercial or investment arbitration reveals a number of dysfunctions and failures, impacting significantly the investment climate.

The industry of oil and gas is not peculiar to question anymore, inferable from the global condition as well as its various dimensions. While trying to complete an agreement procedure, it would barely be clear to expect the thing that could happen in the emergence of a debate. Hazard moving and fragmented contracting lie at the heart of the organization relationship innate in the obtainment and financing of extensive scale undertakings, such as power plants, oil and gas pipelines, and condensed natural gas facilities. An examination of gas bonds gives exact proof of the hazard moving results of legally binding inadequacy. This thesis is a basic examination of the discipline we call the law of oil and gas. A number of the imperfections connected with this "specific" status. Jurisprudential with its "uncommon" status. Jurisprudential imperfections have created as courts leave from essential contract, property, or tort law in quest for natural resources ideas. The marvel isn’t restricted to natural resources law but instead can occur in any "law of" setting. This article delineates the issues connected with oil and gas law by dissecting legal ways to deal with perceiving and applying "inferred agreements" under the oil and gas rent. By contrasting the experience and results under the oil and gas lead to the result under an agreement law investigation, it is conceivable to assess whether a specific "oil and gas" govern is vital or prudent. In the past quarter-century, huge changes have happened in the ways legal advisors approach strife. There have been uncommon endeavors to create systems went for more proficient, not so much expensive, but rather more fulfilling determination of contention, including more broad and suitable utilization of intercession and other " alternative dispute resolution " (ADR) approaches. This review analyzes what is known and not considered about the development and effect of ADR in government and state courts, in the business division, and in work and shopper settings. The investigation inspects the relationship amongst ADR and court trial, additionally underlines the more extensive employments of and method of reasoning for intercession and different process decisions. This study concentrates on the oil and gas contract with question by ADR.

El Convenio de Nueva York de 1958 permite se busque el reconocimiento y la ejecución de un laudo OHADA en terceros Estados. Sin embargo, admite el empleo de la normativa interna para regir el procedimiento y deja a salvo cuestiones relacionadas con la inmunidad soberana de los Estados. Las nuevas leyes adoptadas en España en materia de cooperación jurídica internacional e inmunidad soberana, establecen la intervención del MAEC cuando un Estado extranjero sea demandado ante tribunales españoles como es el caso Commercial Bank / Guinea Ecuatorial. Esta previsión puede implicar un giro de la jurisprudencia hacia posturas más cercanas a la inmunidad absoluta. Como se verá en este artículo, aunque CBGE haya obtenido el execuátur del laudo en España y logrado el embargo del avión titularidad de Ceiba, las medidas coercitivas de ejecución podrán ser recurridas en revisión por el Estado, quien podrá plantear una estrategia fundamentalmente en dos direcciones: (i) bien demostrando la finalidad soberana del aparato embargado, para defender así su carácter inmune a la ejecución, o (ii) bien alegando que la persona jurídica afectada por el embargo no ha sido parte en el arbitraje y por tanto no es la deudora del laudo. La práctica jurisprudencial internacional ha demostrado que existen gran des posibilidades de que el tribunal termine levantando el embargo si se demuestra fehacientemente alguna de estas dos defensas.

For the past twenty years, international commercial arbitration scholarship has mainly focusedon the private dimension of international arbitration. Part of a greater movement toward the privatization of justice and law, this understanding of the discipline has obscured arbitrators'adjudicative role. By reflecting on different adjudicative models and by analyzing the form andcontent of arbitral decisions, new light can be shed on our understanding of international commercial arbitration.

L’arbitrage de droit commun est régi par l’Acte uniforme relatif à l’arbitrage, véritable loi de procédure harmonisée applicable dans les 17 États membres de l’OHADA. Aux côtés de l’arbitrage CCJA dont il est complémentaire, il a sa légitimité et sa vocation propre qui est de permettre le développement d’un arbitrage de proximité. Conforme aux standards internationaux, qu’il soit ad hoc ou institutionnel, il met au cœur du processus les parties, afin de créer une véritable culture locale de l’arbitrage. À ce titre, il donne un rôle essentiel aux institutions nationales d’arbitrage dont la connaissance de terrain et la proximité des acteurs permettent l’enrichissement de la lex arbitri, jusqu’à permettre aujourd’hui d’inspirer une réforme de cette loi uniforme de l’arbitrage OHADA qui tend vers toujours plus d’efficacité et de modernité. Il nous sera donné en particulier de faire part de l’expérience du Centre d’arbitrage du GICAM, Douala (Cameroun). The Uniform Act on arbitration is the ordinary law that governs arbitration. This Uniform Act is a harmonized procedural enactment that is applicable in the 17 member states of OHADA. It exists alongside, and is complementary to CCJA arbitration. But it has its own legitimacy and its own vocation, which is to allow the development of an arbitration of proximity. Whether considered from an ad hoc arbitration viewpoint, or an institutional arbitration viewpoint, the Uniform Act complies with international arbitration standards. It places the parties at the heart of the arbitral procedure in order to create a local culture of arbitration. In this regard, it provides an important role to national arbitration institutions whose understanding of the field and proximity to stakeholders permit the enrichment of the lex arbitri. Today, this role given to national arbitration institutions has inspired a reform of the Uniform Act on arbitration, which aspires for more efficiency and modernity. We shall, in particular, share the experience of the GICAM Arbitration Centre in Douala Cameroon.

It is not uncommon for states to engage in arbitration proceedings with their investors (“Investor-State Arbitration” or “International Investment Arbitration”) administered under the International Centre for the Settlement of Investment Disputes. When these parties engage in document production during evidentiary proceedings, there arises an issue with regards to documents requested by the investor, which is considered as a “state secret” by the state. Based on the IBA Rules on the Taking of Evidence in International Arbitration (“IBA Rules”), states may have particular interest to refuse the production of a document. This is based on the argument that a document may be exempted from production if the document qualifies as a state secret by virtue of Article 9 of the IBA Rules. This paper will discuss appropriate measures to be taken by tribunals in order to allow for material and relevant evidence to be produced during proceedings, which may be crucial in being able to prove the case of the investor in the case of a conflict pertaining to the production of documents containing state secrets.