Bibliographie sélective OHADA

Desde Kwamé N´Krumah a unidade da África era um grande desejo. A Organização da Unidade Africana (OUA) servia aos olhares de alguns na pobreza moral e material do continente. Destaca-se, que dentro da OUA, alguns fundadores militavam em favor da instituição dos Estados Unidos da África enquanto que outros pregavam, ao contrário, pela fragmentação dos Estados-Nações sob uma forma organizacional. Os Estados Unidos da África certamente seriam limitados à exploração contínua deste continente, mas muitos não tinham esse entendimento. Felizmente, alguns chefes de Estados africanos conscientizaram-se dessa situação e como uma pandemia, esta tomada de consciência está se estendendo pouco a pouco. Em Syrte na Líbia, no dia 9 de setembro, os chefes de Estados e de governos da África, sob a iniciativa de Mouhammar El Kadhafi, resolveram criar a União Africana (UA). Assim, em 11 de julho de 2000, em Lomé (Togo), os Estados Africanos adotaram o Ato Constitutivo da União Africana. A assinatura desse ato foi tomada sem dificuldades, mas este não foi o caso para a sua ratificação, feita com muitas reservas. Nesse espírito, no dia 25 de maio de 2001, a União Africana foi criada política e juridicamente, marcando assim uma nova era para a África. Era preciso adaptar à África na nova ordem mundial.Palavras-chave: Organização da Unidade Africana. União Africana. Pan-Africanismo. Direitos Fundamentais.

OHADA (in English, Organization for Harmonization in Africa of Business Laws) is a system of business laws and implementing institutions. Sixteen West African nations adopted this regime in order to increase their attractiveness to foreign investment. Because most of the member states are former French colonies, the OHADA laws are based on the French legal system. Despite certain economists’ recent, well-publicized assertions that any French-based legal system is incompatible with development, other studies challenge those claims and in doing so outline characteristics that a pro-development system of business laws should possess. This Article reviews selected provisions from OHADA’s corporate law and of OHADA’s institutions, revealing that they correspond to those pro-development characteristics. Interviews conducted with legal professionals in Senegal, Côte d’Ivoire, and Cameroon highlight the local perception that the OHADA regime, while still

Un article de la revue Revue générale de droit, diffusée par la plateforme Érudit.

À l'occasion des procédures collectives, les droits du débiteur apparaissent sacrifier sur l'autel des intérêts des salariés, de l'entreprise et des créanciers. Le redressement judiciaire n'échappe pas à cette appréciation, qui se révèle toutefois erronées. Le débiteur, loin d'être considéré comme un périèque, constitue le personnage-clé de cette procédure et ses droits sont, en définitive, voisins de ceux d'une personne in bonis. En effet, la désignation d'un administrateur judiciaire, rare en régime simplifié, et davantage axée sur la surveillance et l'assistance en régime générale, ne le place plus dans la position d'un étranger à son redressement. Dans le cadre de son activité professionnelle la réalisation de certains actes, bien que conditionnée par une autorisation judiciaire préalable, ne réduit pas ses droits à néant. L'expression de ceux-ci se traduit, pour l'essentiel, à travers la mise en oeuvre des voies de recours et de la possibilité qu'il a d'exercer une nouvelle activité. Dans le cadre de sa vie privée, l'accomplissement de ses droits personnels demeure de sa compétence exclusive. Toutefois les conséquences patrimoniales de ces derniers intéressent les mandataires judiciaires, qui cependant, n'interviennent pas à l'occasion du débat purement personnel. Les mécanismes juridiques, issus du droit civil et du droit commercial, assurent davantage le renforcement de la sauvegarde de ses droits. Ainsi, le débiteur en redressement judiciaire se situe dans une perspective proche de celle de son homologue in bonis.

L’histoire de la codification en Afrique est indissociable de celle de la colonisation. Celle-ci — du moins politique — a pris fin, il y a une quarantaine d’années, le temps pour les États africains d’adopter leurs propres lois adaptées à leur situation. Sans conteste, le Code civil des Français a influencé et influence encore les droits africains. Devant le dualisme juridique produit par l’importation de ce code, se pose néanmoins la question du choix à opérer soit pour la connaissance effective, l’acceptation et le respect des droits africains, soit pour l’écart criant entre la loi et les pratiques sociales. L’auteur a choisi de scruter la part des droits originellement africains dans les récentes réformes et de vérifier si les Africains y lisent effectivement l’état de leur droit et l’âme de leur société. Sinon, pourquoi et comment y pourvoir ?

In the universal history of mankind, the concepts “culture” and “trade” have long denominated two important trains of human aspirations and activities. Notwithstanding their great significance for human life in its entirety, they have been widely regarded as belonging to distinct spheres, which were deemed to be difficult, if not impossible, to reconcile. This perception was also widely reflected in the sphere of law, where their respective fields have been subject to separate regimes based on the logic of their mutual exclusivity and expressed in the concept of res extra commercium. By contrast, the concept of “cultural industries”, which was originally derived from the term Kulturindustrie coined by protagonists of the Frankfurt School introduced a new category of cultural goods and services, which began to strongly challenge the traditional legal separation of cultural from economic considerations. Their novelty as well as their more subtle conceptual implications led to the controversy over the treatment of the dual, i.e. both cultural and economic, nature of such goods and services, which surfaced first during the bilateral trade negotiations between Canada and the United States and soon afterwards during the multilateral Uruguay Round negotiations. In the latter, it was the controversy over the exception culturelle that almost derailed the successful establishment of the World Trade Organization (WTO). Since then the problem remains unsolved, and reinforced by the decision of the WTO Panel in the Canada Periodicals Case, the quest for an appropriate conceptual approach allowing for the correct legal answer to the conundrum of culture and trade continues up to this day. In this quest, the present thesis forms an attempt to cast some light on the culture and trade conundrum with a view to isolating options for an appropriate legal response of the multilateral trading system under the WTO. It follows the evolution of the concept of cultural industries, from its birth in the context of critical social theory across the field of political economy to its first appearance in the legal context with the 1988 Canada-United States Free Trade Agreement. After a short analysis of the cultural industries exemption in the North American context, its focus shifts to the GATT/WTO system of which the basic provisions are discussed in connection with the category of cultural goods and services known as the cultural industries. Their critical analysis yields the present imperfections inherent in the WTO system as a corollary of the fragmentation of the international legal order. Before some final conclusions are drawn, these imperfections are contrasted with the relevant experiences within the context of the process of European integration from the European Economic Community to the European Union.

O presente trabalho vem a delinear, sob forma objetiva, o efetivo escopo de um Tribunal Arbitral, ponderando as suas características e o comprometimento com as partes que a elegem. Apresenta o procedimento e o processo de como se constitui um tribunal dessa espécie, assim como as vantagens existentes quando da sua utilização. Enfatiza, de plano, a escolha dos apreciadores do juízo arbitral, assim como a análise circunstancial sobre a incidência da Lei de Arbitragem brasileira à luz do Direito supranacional. Enaltece a viabilidade jurídica (segurança e validade) que o instituto arbitral expressa, concernente às disposições principiológicas que dele decorrem. Ainda, descreve, de maneira esmiuçada, a forma de como o Tribunal Arbitral se compõe, sua competência, prerrogativas, e finalidades, bem como do funcionamento efetivo, no plano do Direito Internacional Privado.