Bibliographie sélective OHADA

The principle of party autonomy is widely accepted in the practice of international commercial arbitration. However, it still encounters certain limitations in its applications, especially for the fact that the demands of natural justice and the public good cannot be neglected by the parties. The various states in the international system have and operate peculiar systems of mandatory rules and public policies, which tend to impart significantly on the arbitral procedure, thereby creating a situation of discordance of outcomes of arbitration in different countries. For this reason, this writer intends to examine ways by which the various procedural laws can actually be harmonised. This thesis shall therefore focus on the discordances and confusion that often arise in the interacion of the various laws that may be applicable to the arbitral process in International commercial arbitration, as well as ways of achieving a harmonisation of these laws.

Denizciliğin kendine özgü ihtiyaç ve sorunlarından ortaya çıkmış bir kurum olan kurtarmayardım, TTK. m. 1222-1234'de düzenlenmiş olup köken itibariyle Alman hukukundanalınmıştır. Alman Hukukunun bu konudaki kaynağı ise Türkiye'nin de taraf bulunduğu 1910tarihli Brüksel Konvansiyonu'dur. 1910 tarihli konvansiyona 1967 yılında eklenen protokoleTürkiye taraf olmamıştır. 1989 Londra Konvansiyonuna taraf olma ise gereklidir. Zira 1989konvansiyonu gelişen ve değişen kurtarma teknikleri ve sorunlarını hukuki açıdan çözmekiçin uluslararası alanda düzenlenmiş en son konvansiyondur.Kurtarma yardım ücretinde sorunlardan biri, ücretin nasıl hesaplanacağıdır. Bu husus, 1910Brüksel Konvansiyonu hükümleri ve bu konvansiyona eklenen özel tazminat ve çevre zararınıönleme kriterlerini düzenleyen 1989 Londra Konvansiyonu hükümleri ile düzenlenmiştir.Kurtarma yardım ücreti hesaplanırken mahkeme bu kriterlerin ışığında hakkaniyete uygun birücret belirleyecektir.Kurtarma yardım ücretinin ödenmesi meselesinde önemli bir konu da bu ücretten denizsigortalarının teminat kapsamı doğrultusunda sigortacının sorumluluğu hususudur. Birkurtarma yardım hizmeti gerçekleştirildiğinde öncelikle uygun bir kurtarma yardım ücretibelirlenir. Bu kurtarma yardım ücreti olayın şartlarına göre müşterek avarya teşkil ettiğitakdirde kurtarma ücreti dispeçte alacaklı masasına kaydedilir ve müşterek avaryapaylaşımında yerini alır. Bu paylaşımda sigortacının tazminat sorumluluğu TTK hükümleri,genel şartlar ve İngiliz Hukuku özel şartları (Klozlar) ile York Anvers kuralları ışığındabelirlenir.Kurtarma yardım teşkil etmediği halde ise paylaşıma girmeden kurtarılan değerinsigortacısının kurtarma ücreti ve zararlarından sorumluluğu TTK hükümleri, genel şartlar veİngiliz Hukuku özel şartları (Klozlar) ile belirlenir. Emerged from own specific needs and problems of maritime Salvage, legislated in TTK.m.1222-1234, which has been originated from the German law. The source of German law inthis subject is the Convention dated 1910 in which Turkey is also a party. Turkey has not beenparty of the protocol in 1967 added to Convention dated 1910. Being a party to LondonConvention 1989 is necessary. Because Convention 1989 is the last convention to solvedeveloping and changing salvage techniques and problems from a legal perspective atinternational level.One of the problems of salvage payments is about how to calculate. This issue has beenregulated by provisions of Brussels 1910 Convention and London 1989 Convention whichregulates special compensation and prevention criteria of environmental damage. Whencalculating salvage payment, the court will determine a fair cost in the light of these criteria.An important subject matter of the payment of Salvage is the liability of insurer oriented withthe scope of maritime insurance assurance. When the salvage operation was done paymentwas determined primarily. When general average was established according to thecircumstances of this case this payment is recorded to creditor table at adjustment and takesplace in general average. This shared responsibility in the insurer's indemnity provisions aredetermined in light of the TTK provisions, general terms and specific terms of English Lawand York Antwerp Rules.In the case of without salvage, insurer liability of rescued value from salvage cost and lossesis determined by TTK, general terms and specific terms of English Law without sharing.

« Tout ce qui entre dans le cerveau, à part le sang, est de l’information. Porter atteinte à l’information, c’est porter atteinte au cerveau. » Basé sur les plus récentes découvertes scientifiques, le Manifeste pour le droit à l’information établit les fondements biologiques de ce droit et affirme la nécessité de le reconnaître comme un droit fondamental antinomique de la traditionnelle liberté de presse. Une analyse détaillée des textes législatifs canadiens et québécois ainsi que de nos structures médiatiques prouve que la jouissance de ce droit est loin d’être garantie. S’inspirant de législations étrangères, des rares décisions jurisprudentielles et de reconnaissances partielles dans certaines lois spécifiques, l’ouvrage plaide pour une véritable institutionnalisation de ce droit afin d’instaurer un authentique régime démocratique. Le Manifeste pour le droit à l’information s’adresse à tous, qu’ils soient journalistes, juristes ou citoyens sou­cieux de la qualité de l’information qui leur est quotidiennement livrée.

Libya is a predominately Muslim country where Islamic finance has not yet been established. However, given the current extensive program of financial reform in Libya and the rapid growth and appeal of Islamic finance in comparable economies, there is growing pressure for a system of Islamic finance to be provided. There is then a pressing need for research into the prospects for Islamic finance from a consumer and provider perceptive to inform this debate and thereby meet the needs of policymakers, financial service providers and prospective users. Accordingly, this study of Libyan attitudes towards Islamic methods of finance, the first study attempted in the Libyan context and one of few studies globally, applies a model derived from the Theory of Reasoned Action to analyse attitudes towards Islamic finance. The particular focus is to understand how the Theory of Reasoned Action can be used for predicting and understanding attitudes towards the potential use of Islamic methods of finance by Libyan retail consumers, business firms and banks. Four main research questions are posed to address this objective. First, does awareness of Islamic methods of finance influence attitudes towards the use of Islamic finance? Second, do socioeconomic, demographic and other factors influence attitudes towards Islamic finance? Third, what are the principal motivating factors towards the potential use of Islamic finance? Finally, is religion the major influence on the likelihood of engaging in Islamic finance? Three surveys of 385 retail consumers, 296 business firms and 134 bank managers in Libya are conducted in 2007/08 to achieve this objective. Descriptive analysis and multivariate statistical analysis (including factor analysis, discriminant analysis and binary logistic regressions) are used to analyse the data. The principal findings are that awareness of Islamic methods of finance and socioeconomic, demographic and business characteristics are key determinants of the likelihood of the use of Islamic finance. Further, religion plays a key, though not the only, role in influencing these attitudes. The thesis findings are of key importance in informing future financial industry practice and financial policy formation in Libya.