Bibliographie sélective OHADA

This study evaluated the extent to which value relevance of financial information in Nigerian manufacturing firms has improved after the implementation of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). Specifically, the study intended to: Ascertain the extent the adoption of IFRS has significantly improved the book value per share of manufacturing companies in Nigeria; Determine the extent the adoption of IFRS has significantly improved the Earnings Per Share of manufacturing companies in Nigeria and Examine the extent the adoption of IFRS has significantly improved the cash flow of manufacturing companies in Nigeria. Ex-post facto research design was adopted for the study. A sample of 54 manufacturing companies was randomly selected from manufacturing companies quoted on the Nigerian Stock Exchange for the periods of 2008-2015. Data for the study were obtained from the annual reports and accounts of the sampled companies. Specifically, a modified price model for detecting value relevance of accounting data for two different periods was employed. Regression Analysis and Chow test statistical tools were used to analyze and validate the data with aid of SPSS version 20.0. The study found that the adoption of IFRS has improved the book value per share, market share price, Earnings Per Share and cash flow of manufacturing companies in Nigeria. The implication of findings is that the value relevance of accounting information of manufacturing companies is more sensitive during Post-IFRS era than the Pre-IFRS era. The findings also imply that the book value per share, market price, earnings and cash flow have become informative to equity investors in determining the value of firms following IFRS adoption. The study recommends among other things that the accounting information for book value per share should be communicated to the investing public; and such information should be of high quality to avoid negative consequences on the part of investors.

A contract involves s a promise between two persons for the exchange of either good or services. A contract signifies the free consent of the parties to the contract to be bound by law. For a contract to be valid, it must have these basic elements: mutual assent, consideration, capacity, and legality. Mutual assent is characterized by offer and acceptance through mutual accent; "consideration," on the other hand denotes any form of compensation with something of value for the goods or services traded. A contract between persons, either natural persons or legal persons, who have no capacity to contract can either be voidable or void depending on the case. Legality gives the condition that should be satisfied for a contract to be excised by the law. Illegal contracts are for example those involving illegal activities. For example one can't bring a plea of damages to a court of law for breach of a contract entered into to kill another person.The possible remedies for breach of contract are; general damages, consequential damages, reliance damages, and specific performance. This paper will examine the capacity to contract as pertains to contracts entered by minors minor's.

This article analyses the regulation of cross-border insolvency under the Cross-Border Insolvency Act 42 of 20001 in order to examine the adequacy of such regulation as regards to the enforcement of insolvency proceedings in South Africa and other relevant jurisdictions. To this end, the paper provides an overview analysis of the regulation and/or enforcement of insolvency proceedings under the Cross-Border Insolvency Act. Moreover, where possible, the paper also provides a comparative analysis of selected aspects of the regulation and/or enforcement of insolvency proceedings under the Cross-Border Insolvency Act and those that are provided under the Insolvency Act 24 of 1936 and other related international instruments. This is done to expose the challenges and future prospects of the regulatory and enforcement framework under the Cross-Border Insolvency Act in South Africa.

Encyclopaedic Corporate Governance (CG) is now a mainstream issue of concern in the business world. Yet, there has been no systematic investigation of CG practices in general, allowing for a distinction between the profit and non-profit organizations. In this regard, this article aims to investigate the nuances in the application of sound governance principles across different types of organizations in general, together with the understanding and applications of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and Corporate Regulation (CR) in the context of the OHADA zone. With CSR envisages as a model of CG that extends the fiduciary duties from fulfilment of responsibilities towards the shareholders of the firm to fulfilment of analogous fiduciary duties towards all the firm?s stakeholders. Thus, after considering the place of CSR in the debate about alternative CG modes, a full-fledged social contract foundation of the multi-stakeholder and multi-fiduciary model is present. The article, therefore, shows that CSR is a social norm that would endogenously emerge from the stakeholders? social contract seen as the first move in an equilibrium selection process that reaches the equilibrium state of a CG institution; and as a global trend involving corporations, states, international organizations and civil society organizations. Besides, the article portrays the trend of CSR in three ways: as a regulatory framework that places new demands on corporations; as a mobilization of corporate actors to assist the development aid of states and; as a management trend. With each of these portraits suggesting certain actors, relations, driving forces and interests as being central. These multiple identities may partially describe the trend?s success, but could equally well describe its contestation, fragility and fluidity. Based on the argument that CSR is not just a fashion but rather the future from another angle, the article explicitly explores the nexus between CSR, CG and CR as appreciated in the OHADA zone. It also presents fresh insights into the applications of CG and CSR principles under the OHADA perspective that has not received systematic attention and consideration in the literature and, thus, provides policy recommendations to mainstream a viable CSR framework in the OHADA zone.

This paper aims to investigate Corporate Alternative Conflict Management and Dispute Resolution compliance through an appraisal of International Arbitration practices in Project-based Organizations in the Nigerian Construction Industry. In this study, simple percentages and frequencies of occurrence were used to analyse data derived through subject matter interviews and a questionnaire survey. Using the Survey Monkey tool, 85 questionnaires were distributed to key players in the AEC (Architecture-Engineering-Construction) Industry including Engineers, Project Managers, Architects and Quantity Surveyors and 53 were returned complete. The survey indicated that 66% preferred a more private Construction Arbitration to a public Litigation as a preferred method of dispute resolution, with 65% agreeing that a lack of proper project funding hinders the arbitration process in the Nigerian Construction Industry. 66% agree that Arbitration Time contributes more to project delays while 32% believe that Cost of the arbitration process is the greater source of project delays. We recommend that issues of confidentiality be carefully managed in dealing with outside counsels, while Project-based Organisations in Nigeria should ensure to develop master plans compatible with long-term strategies, including setting aside adequate funding for the timely resolution of project disputes through the implementation of only Arbitration-friendly contracts. This paper contributes to knowledge by bringing to bear the current compliance levels of project-based organisations in the practice of Arbitration in the Nigerian Construction Industry.

L’objectif de cette étude est de déterminer les caractéristiques de la cohérence africaine dans l’environnement des affaires (OHADA ) appliquées aux 17 pays de l’Afrique noire francophone qui vise l’unification des efforts et de visions permettant l’amélioration de transparence ( transparence des affaires, transparence financière, transparence du marché,…) notamment la production d’une information de haute qualité à travers d'un référentiel comptable unique (inspiré fortement du plan comptable général Français) et d’apprécier si ce système est inspiré des normes comptables internationales IAS/IFRS. Après l’achèvement de cette recherche, nous avons atteint un ensemble de résultats. Parmi ces résultats, le système OHADA est un cadre philosophico-légal et institutionnel qui encourage les pays membres à une convergence et une harmonisation comptable. Toutes les circonstances sont prêtes et incitent les pays membres d’aller ou d’adopter l’intégration économique dans l’espace Africain dont l’intégration comptable fait partie. Aucun pays de l’espace OHADA ne peut bénéficier des avantages que donne le système comptable de cet espace sans qu’il y ait une volonté politique pouvant assurer de l’intégration pour confronter les mutations et les défis mondiaux.

Résumé Cet article examine l’influence du profil du dirigeant de PME sur l’utilisation de l’information comptable dans le contexte Sénégalais. Les résultats obtenus à partir d’une enquête sur 59 PME mettent en évidence les types d’informations comptables exploitées par cette catégorie d’entreprise. Il s’agit, entre autres, de l’information sur les coûts, les comptes annuels et le budget. Les données empiriques exploitées confirment que le degré d’utilisation de certaines informations comptables est influencé par le profil du dirigeant de PME.

The Organisation for Harmonisation of Business Law in Africa (OHADA) was established in October 1993 with the ambitious aim of inciting economic development in its Member States. Through the adoption of Uniform Commercial Laws, the organisation is expected to create an enabling environment for business development, thereby providing for a path to economic growth and subsequent development. In light of this professed aim, both the transnational methodological approach and comparative law theories are used in this paper to critically analyse the various processes conducted under the OHADA banner and to engage in discussions on the highly debated role of law as a vehicle for development in sub-Saharan Africa. This exercise, which proves crucial in order to trace its origin within the global governance and law and development theories, allows us to present OHADA as a transnational legal system, while also highlighting both its strengths and limitations.

The objective of this research was to determine the current status of the application of the OHADA accounting system in DRC, five years after its adoption. A survey was conducted on thirty small and medium-sized enterprises in Bukavu to determine the level of compliance with the SYSCOHADA principles, the degree of harmonization of accounting practices and the difficulties related to the application of this system. The results shown consistently that compliance with Syscohada principles is not absolute, the level of Harmonization is still low and finally companies in DRC still need time to fit into the OHADA accounting system.

Cette réflexion examine l’apport des formations de l’École régionale supérieure de la magistrature (ERSUMA) et des commissions nationales dans la préservation de la sécurité juridique et judiciaire des affaires dans l’espace OHADA. Nous postulons que pour préserver et maintenir la sécurité juridique et judiciaire des opérateurs économiques et possiblement conquérir d’autres « cieux », l’intensification de la vulgarisation du droit OHADA constitue un impératif méritant une réponse continuelle. C’est un droit qui a encore besoin « d’apôtres » pour s’imposer dans l’univers juridique contemporain comme un droit de référence attrayant pour les investisseurs.Ces institutions de formation ont certes accompli des efforts immenses, mais l’efficacité et l’envergure de leurs interventions se heurtent aux obstacles financiers et à l’absence d’institutionnalisation des commissions nationales. L’autofinancement constitue le pilier du développement des activités durables de formation pour l’exécution desquelles la générosité des partenaires étrangers ne suffit plus. Pour transcender ces barrières d’ordre financier et engager la protection juridique et judiciaire dans une logique de durabilité, la pérennisation des formations ERSUMA à travers la mutualisation des efforts avec d’autres institutions constitue une des solutions porteuses d’espoir. Concomitamment, la mise en place d’un nouvel organe de relations publiques pour initier une approche commerciale beaucoup plus « agressive » au sein de l’ERSUMA nous paraît d’une nécessité impérieuse.L’institutionnalisation des commissions nationales OHADA constitue aussi un élément de réponse pour fédérer les organes de formation au sein de l’OHADA et leur donner une impulsion d’ensemble.

The principle of Most Favored Nation (MFN) as a GATT rule as annexed to World Trade Organisation (WTO) is viewed as very crucial in the operations of the WTO amongst member countries. Another rule of striking importance is the standard of non-discrimination inserted in the MFN rules. As against the background, this study addresses the routine conviction with respect to the viability of GATT laws and WTO rules in the light of non-discrimination principle and Multifibre Agreement (MFA) and, The National Treatment Principle. The study explores the standards of these rules which are whittled down with concrete exemption clauses. These clauses make the adequacy of unhindered commerce guideline perplexed amongst member nations especially, the Sub-Saharan Africa. The study finds that rules of GATT having been made since 1947 at the time when Africa‟s economic development was annexed to their colonial masters and therefore, not in contemplation by the progenitors. The realization that Africa ought to be given chance to develop come too late within the GATT rules. The study finds that the current GATT structure cannot advance the promotion of African trade. The study addresses the grouping of African nations with other nations like Asia, India and South America as a misnomer and erroneous as Africa is the least developed in terms of international trade bargaining power among other developing countries. The study after analyzing MFN, MFA, National Treatment principle and Transparency rules of GATT, concludes they are development deficit as against trade promotion. The study further concludes that the difficulties in finding an acceptable definition of the „like product‟ by several Dispute Resolution Panels as laid down by GATT makes nonsense of the rule and a lacuna in the definition of Article III (2) and III (4) as they are components of paralysis of non-clarifications.

Cette étude s’intéresse à l’arbitrage comme mode alternatif de règlement des litiges en RDC. L’auteur y analyse les règles juridiques qui s’appliquent à la compétence et à la sai- sine du Tribunal arbitral, au mode de désignation des arbitres qui le composent et à la pro- cédure arbitrale à suivre. Il étudie aussi la sentence arbitrale ainsi que les voies de recours offertes aux parties, avec un coup d’œil particulier sur l’arbitrage organisé par le centre Na- tional d’Arbitrage, de Conciliation et de médiation de la Fédération des Entreprises du Congo et en comparaison avec la procédure usitée devant les juridictions civiles étatiques