Bibliographie sélective OHADA

Bağımsız denetim sözleşmesi, bağımsız denetçiler ile denetime tabi müşteriler arasında yapılan bir sözleşmedir. Bağımsız denetim sözleşmesi, düzenlemelerde belirtilen unsurları içermelidir. Bağımsız denetçi ile denetim müşterisi, sözleşmenin unsurları üzerinde anlaşmalıdırlar. Bir bağımsız denetim sözleşmesi yapıldığında, bağımsız denetçiler ile denetim müşterileri karşılıklı borç altına girerler.Bağımsız denetçi, denetim müşterisinin finansal tablolarını denetleme ve finansal tabloların, finansal raporlama standartları ile düzenlemelere uygunluğu konusunda bir görüş açıklama borcu altındadır. Bağımsız denetçi, denetimi yürütürken, uluslararası denetim standartlarını, etik standartları ve düzenlemeleri dikkate almalıdır. Bağımsız denetçiler, bağımsız denetim faaliyetinde her zaman mesleki özeni göstermek zorundadırlar. Eğer, denetim raporu gerçeği yansıtmaz ise, bundan zarar gören denetim müşterisi ile üçüncü kişilerin uğradıkları zararlardan, bağımsız denetçiler sorumlu olurlar. Bağımsız denetçi, ayrıca, bağımsız denetim raporunu zamanında denetim müşterisine teslim etmelidir. Bunun yanında, bağımsız denetçi, düzenlemelerde belirtilen süre içerisinde çalışma kâğıtlarını saklamalılar ve bu süre sona ermeden, çalışma kâğıtlarını yok etmemeli veya atmamalıdırlar. Bağımsız denetçi, denetim müşterisine ait sırları açıklamamalı, kendisinin veya bir diğer kişinin yararına kullanmamalıdır.Denetim müşterisi, bağımsız denetçilere, denetim ücretini ödemeli ve ayrıca, denetim ile ilgili kayıt, belge ve diğer bilgileri bağımsız denetçiye vermelidir. The independent audit agreement is made between independent auditors and the clients who are dependent on audit. The agreement should include terms which are showed by regulations. The auditors and the audit clients must agree on the terms of the agreements. When to be acted the agreement, the auditors and the client? have mutually liablity.The auditors are liable to audit the clients? financial statements and to express an opinion on if the financial statements are suitable the financial reporting standards and the regulations. While performing audit, the auditors should observe in international auditing standards, the ethical standards and regulations. The auditors should always have a duty to provide professional care when performing audit. If the auditors prepare a misleading audit reports, they will liable to the clients and third parties because of their loss was incurred. Also, the auditors should deliver the audit report to the client on time which they agree on. Besides, the auditors should save the audit documentation some time which is showed by regalitations and shouldn?t the delete and discard audit documentation before the end of that time. The auditors also shouldn?t disclose confidential information of the clients? or not use this information for the personal or the other persons? advantage.The audit clients? pay the audit fee and also give the records, documentation and other information requested in connection to with the audit to the independent auditors. Finally, when the auditors deliver the audit report to, the audit clients should accept it.

Dans cette communication, nous postulons l'hypothèse de la manipulation des données comptables comme stratégie de contournement adoptée par les PME dans un environnement fiscal répressif. Par rapport à l'environnement spécifique des PME camerounaises présenté, l'étude se situe quelques années après l'adoption d'un nouveau cadre comptable, en l'occurrence le système comptable OHADA. Deux conclusions importantes méritent d'être immédiatement présentées. En premier lieu et conformément aux prédictions de Watts et Zimmerman, la taille est un facteur susceptible de favoriser l'instrumentalisation des données comptables. En second lieu, le type d'activité exercé conditionne la capacité à manipuler les données.

The construction of copyright law can be causally explained by two possible types of explanation: dialectical explanations and material explanations. I argue that an adequate causal description of the copyright discourses of Western legal systems must incorporate a material explanation in order to account for many of the general and particular characteristics of the evolution of copyright. As a vast variety of contingent and interactive social and technical conditions have caused the evolution of copyright, we should expect a plausible material explanation to be multifaceted and multi-layered. However, in addition to providing a causal sociohistorical description, a good legal explanation should also seek to include a normative account detailing the moral grounds of the law, or lack thereof. Dialectical explanations can be teleological: they can presuppose that the law is directed towards a perfect legal state and that it is essentially guided by a set of moral ideals. Material explanations, on the other hand, are essentially non-normative and do not explicitly address moral questions. But this does not entail the elimination of moral considerations from material explanations. As I aim to show, we should not address the moral and sociohistorical elements of copyright legal discourses independently because they are causally connected: moral justifications have been rhetorically used by social actors to influence lawmaking processes, and conversely, changes in technical conditions have given rise to sociotechnical formations that enable and structure the norms of copyright. Given this, I propose that lawmakers should adjudicate and legislate from a broad and flexible standpoint. They should not attempt to merely apply old principles to new problems, but should comprehend new moral norms introduced by new conditions, and balance them against the older, more established principles enshrined in traditional intellectual property theories.