Bibliographie sélective OHADA

The paper deals with arbitration law in Ivory Coast and is mainly based on interviews with the most important authorities in this field. After a short introduction into the OHADA legal system the two main arbitration centres of Ivory Coast are presented. First, the paper treats the internationally known OHADA arbitration centre of the Common Court of Justice and Arbitration, hereinafter known as CCJA. It explains the bodies and the organisation of the CCJA, the arbitration procedure in detail, the enforcement of the arbitral award, the interim measures and the legal remedies against decisions of the CCJA. Second, the functioning of the Court of Arbitration of Côte d'Ivoire, hereinafter known as CACI, is explained. It is the second arbitration centre of Ivory Coast and it was created by the Ivorian Chamber of Industry and Commerce and settles mainly disputes between nationals. The analysis treats the same topics as mentioned for the CCJA centre, but is restricted to point out the differences or peculiarities of the CACI procedure, in order to prevent repetitions. Third, the paper analyses the advantages and disadvantages of the two arbitration centres and compares them to the proceedings of the Commercial Court of Abidjan. It avoids the comparison of yet well-known arguments such as confidentiality of arbitration proceedings or the parties' free choice in regard to the place of arbitration and the language, etc. The work rather limits itself to concretely address the problems or the advantages of each dispute solution considering the latest developments in the judicial system. The purpose of the report is to give a practical introduction into the Ivorian arbitration law, in particular to foreign lawyers. It should provide them with solid theoretical knowledge of the different dispute solutions. With the help of concrete comparisons and explanations of the actual situation regarding the civil and commercial judicial system it should enable them to find the most suitable dispute solution for their clients.

The aim of this article is to explore Cappelletti’s most enduring teachings relevant to those who promote global or regional integration of private laws. The article will review Cappelletti’s insights into the dynamic history of law, the need to respect diversity and take into account society’s imbalances, and the duty of comparative lawyers to engage in “applied” interdisciplinary legal research.

Uzun bir suredir, bircok Afrikali devlet, ulkelerine yapilan yabanci yatirimin istenilen seviyeye ulasmamasindan yakinmakta olup, bunun baslica nedeninin ise “hukuk duzen- lerindeki belirsizlik ve istikrarsiz oldugunu tespit etmislerdir. Bunun sonucunda, bolge devletlerinin hukuk duzenlerini uyumlastirma(daha dogru bir ifadeyle yeknesaklastirma) yoluyla yeni bir “birlesik hukuk” yaratilmasi bir ihtiyac olarak belirmistir. Iste bu amacla bircok Afrikali devlet, ozellikle de Frank Bolgesi devletleri, 07.10.1993 tarihinde Port- Louis’de(Mauritus) bir uluslararasi sozlesme imzalayarak Afrika’da Ekonomi Hukuku Uyumlastirilmasi Orgutu’nu (OHADA) kurmuslardir. OHADA’nin temel amaci, Afrika’da Ekonomi Hukuku alaninda modern ve uyumlu bir hukuk yaratilarak bolge devletleri ara- sinda bu alanda hukuki entegrasyonun saglanmasidir. Bu makale, Sozlesme’nin tarihsel arka planini, temel amaci ve yontemini, cografi ve maddi kapsamini, yeknesak islemlerin temel ozellikleri ve kabul edilme usulunu, OHADA’nin kurumlari olan Devlet ve Hukumet Baskanlari Konferansi, Bakanlar Konseyi, Ortak Adalet ve Tahkim Mahkemesi, Daimi Sek- reterlik ve Bolgesel Yuksek Hakimlik Okulunu (ERSUMA) ve OHADA’nin Afrika’daki diger ekonomik ve parasal birlikler arasindaki yerini an hatlariyla tanitmayi amaclamaktadir. Anahtar Kelimeler: OHADA, Afrika, Ekonomi Hukuku, hukuki entegrasyon, uluslar arasi sozlesme.

Corruption has widely been recognized as one of the impediments to the socio-economic cum political development of Nigeria. By 2000, it was observed that the conduct of government business in Nigeria had become difficult and expensive due to pervasive corruption, particularly procurement fraud. Although procurement fraud is one of the most common avenues of corruption in most countries, its incidence in Nigeria by 2000 was particularly widespread. To reverse this ugly trend, the Nigerian government initiated the public procurement reforms with a view that a corrupt-free procurement process will among other things, promote economic development in the country. Consequent upon the reform, the Public Procurement Act was enacted while the Bureau of Public Procurement was established to ensure due process, accountability and transparency in the award of government contract. In this light, this study evaluated the impact of the public procurement reforms on the economic development of Nigeria. We relied on documentary method of data collection and content analysis of data. Meanwhile, employing the basic propositions emanating from the Marxist theory of the Post-Colonial State, this study noted that the nature and character of Nigerian state undermined the procurement reform from achieving its expected goals. We however, recommended for the removal of the immunity in the constitution and strengthening of the anti-graft agencies in Nigeria.

Audit quality has been evaluated in academic literature accordingly with auditor qualities, due to the difficulties of observing auditing technical process itself. The qualities of a good auditor are then competence and independence, sine qua none conditions of audit quality. That approach is otherwise valid only if there is a valuable framework like stock market where auditor’s competence and independence could be observed. In OHADA space countries, the financial market is approximately off. It is therefore impossible to assess audit quality the way it has been done in prior literature. This study suggests a new approach of assessing audit quality in OHADA countries in relation with audit committees member’s perception of auditing process. Using an innovative qualitative approach inspired from Manita (2008), the results suggest to take into account the auditor’s knowledge of the company, the relevance of the identified zone of risks and the degree of communication with the board of directors.

An emerging question in U.S. business law is how the organizational documents of a business entity set the rules for resolving internal disputes. This practice is routine in commercial contracts, which may specify where or how disputes must be resolved. Recent use of litigation provisions in corporation charters and bylaws have sparked controversy, ultimately leading to legislative action to preserve shareholder suits from contractual waiver. Yet despite accounting for the majority of business organizations and sharing features with corporations, non-corporate business entities and their internal dispute resolution process have been largely ignored. How do these non-corporate entities set ex ante rules for resolving disputes among their constituents? This paper begins to map this uncharted area with an empirical study of the practice of limited liability companies (LLCs). We find widespread use of contract to alter the default dispute resolution practices. This study helps not only to inform the evolving statutory and judicial framework for LLC regulation, but also to predict how corporations may respond in the future to recent judicial and legislative changes.

L’organisation pour l’harmonisation du droit des affaires (OHADA), dans le cadre de sa mission d’uniformisation du droit des affaires en Afrique, a adopté le 17 avril 1997, l’Acte uniforme portant droit des sociétés commerciales et du groupement d’intérêt économique. Ce texte a connu une réforme d’envergure entrée en vigueur le 05 mai 2014. Dans sa lettre et dans son esprit, le nouveau texte transcrit le droit positif des sociétés commerciales tel qu’il existe en France. La tendance forte chez le législateur Ohada à se conformer au droit de l’Ancienne Métropole remet cependant au goût du jour la question du mimétisme juridique, tant décriée par la doctrine. Son opportunité, notamment dans un domaine, qui, tel que le droit des sociétés commerciales, est soumis à de constantes variations, serait largement sujette à caution. De nouvelles analyses démontrent, toutefois, que, loin de réduire l’importance ou l’originalité du droit communautaire des sociétés, la question du conformisme législatif doit être envisagée sous le prisme de l’inévitable rapprochement entre les différents systèmes juridiques. Ce faisant, il devient l’indispensable acteur de la mondialisation du droit.

Le développement des relations économiques internationales et la construction d’un espace communautaire intégré d’un point de vue économique et juridique relancent le débat sur la nationalité des sociétés. La question n’est pas de démontrer s’il existe une nationalité des sociétés, puisque la doctrine et la jurisprudence ont proposé des solutions qui sont déjà acceptées ; mais d’analyser plutôt comment cette notion s’adapte aux contraintes d’une économie régionalisée voire mondialisée. Ainsi, les critères de rattachement juridique d’une société retenus par les pays de l’espace OHADA en l’occurrence le Niger, le Sénégal et la RD Congo sont analysés en vue de la détermination de la lex societatis. La notion de nationalité des sociétés dans les pays de l’espace OHADA, pose tout de même quelques difficultés liées à la multiplicité des textes notamment le droit national et le droit OHADA ainsi que les autres droits communautaires. De nombreuses conséquences découlent de la détermination de la nationalité des sociétés dans le cadre de la réglementation de leurs activités.

In this article I adopt a comparative law approach to illustrate the coexistence of various models governing the sale of goods, and their classification on the basis of two main characteristics: the transfer of property and the opposition certainty/flexibility. I use this approach to analyse the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods. 1 Then I examine how theCISG influenced several national systems and can influence future attempts at regional harmonisation. I conclude with the reasons that in my opinion make the CISG a good model for the sale of goods (prestige, equilibrium and derogability), and with the desirable future developments.

En droit de l’Organisation pour l’harmonisation du droit des affaires en Afrique (OHADA), la création du groupement d’intérêt économique (GIE) représente une opportunité laissée aux entreprises de mettre en commun leurs moyens pour accroître leurs activités économiques. Mais paradoxalement, le GIE n’est pas très utilisé par ses destinataires. Il fait ainsi l’objet d’un silence des acteurs qui conduit à s’interroger sur son attractivité. Il apparaît à l’analyse que l’un des attraits du GIE est voulu par la loi, mais qu’il est fortement compromis. En effet, les membres disposent d’une très grande liberté dans la constitution et le fonctionnement du GIE. Cette liberté n’a de limites que dans quelques règles impératives tournées vers la protection des tiers, notamment l’inopposabilité aux tiers des clauses limitatives des pouvoirs de l’adminsitrateur ou des administrateurs et la responsabilité indéfinie et solidaire des membres par rapport aux dettes du GIE. C’est cette responsabilité indéfinie et solidaire des membres relativement aux dettes du GIE qui compromet sérieusement l’attractivité de ce dernier. Il est cependant possible de rendre le GIE plus attractif par l’utilisation des conventions qui permettent à ses membres d’accorder des avantages particuliers aux nouveaux membres par contrat et aussi d’exclure la solidarité aux dettes par des accords avec les tiers contractants. Ces conventions pourraient assurer la sécurité du crédit par le recours aux garanties.

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