Bibliographie sélective OHADA

Si la révocation du dirigeant social, mandataire social et le congédiement du salarié sont admis, peut-on concevoir qu'un associé puisse être exclu de la société dont il est membre? La qualité d'associé pésente a priori un caractère permanent que justifie son origine contractuelle. La question se pose de savoir si, dans le cadre d'une société et dans le droit OHADA, pourrait s'appliquer une sanction consistant à retirer la qualité d'associé à un membre de la société en l'en excluant, sur le fondement de l'intérêt de l'entreprise. C'est ce que l'on appelle le 'squeeze out' de l'associé, expression d'origine anglo-saxonne, consacrée en droit boursier. Il s'agit d'une opération qui s'apparente à l'offre publique de retrait obligatoire: une entreprise indemnise ses actionnaires minoritaires afin qu'ils retirent leurs titres du marché. Dans le cas du 'squeeze out', l'utilité publique aura tendance à s'exprimer au travers de l'utilité sociale. L'exclusion doit être non seulement utile, mais surtout nécessaire. La compréhension du 'squeeze out' comme sanction de celui qui, par son fait ou sa situation, compromet la relation contractuelle, doit être complétée par celle du 'squeeze out' remède, afin que la notion soit susceptible d'être admise dans l'espace OHADA (première partie); appréhendé de manière large comme une exclusion, le 'sqeeze out' est une notion concernant plusieurs disciplines juridiques. Son domaine naturel est le droit boursier, et plus largement le droit des sociétés. Ses applications débordent cependant de ce cadre étroit pour se retrouver dans d'autres domaines que l'auteur qualifie d'artificiels, tout en se limitant au droit du travail et au droit des procédures civiles (deuxième partie)

Competition law and intellectual property rights (IPRs) have evolved historically as two separate systems of law. There is a considerable overlap in the goals of the two systems of law because both are aimed at promoting innovation and economic growth. Yet there are also potential conflicts owing to the means used by each system to promote those goals. IP laws generally offer a right of exclusive use and exploitation to provide a reward to the innovator, to provide an incentive to other innovators and to bring into the public domain innovative information that might otherwise remain trade secrets. Competition authorities regulate near monopolies, mergers and commercial agreements with the aim of maintaining effective competition in markets. This article introduces the concept of IPRs and Competition law. It highlights important areas of conflict between the two laws and also deals with the Indian antitrust law. It concludes by trying to harmonize the conflicts.

This article aims to compare the arbitration agreement of the OHADA legal system to that of the People's Republic of China. In the Chinese legal system the parties to a contract are required to have an arbitration agreement written before the occurrence of any incident in the execution of their contract. The parties must specify in advance, in the said agreement, the chosen arbitration institution for potential disputes. In the OHADA legal system, the parties are free to decide before or during execution of the contract of an arbitration agreement. They may also decide whether in case of a dispute, they would want to refer to an institutional arbitration or an ad hoc arbitration. According to the chosen legal system the consequences are different.

The chapter challenges claims about depoliticization in two different aspects. The first examined claim is that home states are disenfranchised from pursuing investment claims once they are lodged with ICSID. Is it the case that home states simply stay home? This chapter examines instances where home states may have played a role in investment disputes between contracting states. What the record generally reveals, however, is that home states involve themselves in disputes where ICSID hearings are imminent but not yet in play. The second, broader, reading of depoliticization maintains that disputes now are resolved without recourse to lowly politics but to ‘higher’ law. This more extravagant claim is vulnerable to the critique that investor-state dispute resolution is not emptied of political content but, instead, spills over with politics. As the regime implicates the capacity of public authority to act in a wide variety of regulatory contexts, the separation of law from politics is hard to credibly maintain. Not only are investor-state disputes embedded within regimes of political discourse and political power, the ambit of investment arbitrator discretion is so capacious that it can be said of arbitrators, as it has been said of the U.S. Supreme Court, that they can sensibly be regarded as political actors.

The standardization of business law in the Ohada is an original work ever experience in French Black Africa. His goal is to provide legal certainly for private investment. One of the methods to achieve this lies in the prevention and punishment of acts which jeopardize the business. Also, Ohada inserted into the Uniform Acts penal provisions some certain economic crimes and criminal sanctions, the nature and modalities of implementation are subject to the authority of the member states. This process promotes the emergence of a criminal business in space. However, the initiative of Ohada requires some adjustments. Moreover, they should put an emphasis not only on standards of criminalization and penalties, but also on the implementation of compliance standards community. Indeed, the logic that governs the terms of punishment of crimes faces some fundamental principles of criminal law. Moreover, the legislature should necessarily correct this deficiency, even though his legitimate ambition would be to work for a business criminal law adapted to legal and economic context of Africa.

Lorsque le drame criminel a lésé un intérêt privé, notre droit permet à la victime d’être partie au procès que la société – dont l’ordre a été troublé – engage contre l’'' infracteur''. Le procès pénal apparaît sous ce rapport comme une instance où se côtoient trois types d’intérêts appelant une égale protection : ceux de la société, du délinquant et de la victime. Cette dernière n’y prenant qu’éventuellement part, il n’est pas inopportun, eu égard au contexte actuel marqué, d’une part par la spectaculaire universalisation de la philosophie des droits de l’Homme et, d’autre part, par la réforme de notre droit judiciaire répressif, de mesurer l’intérêt que sa protection suscite aux yeux du législateur. Dans cette perspective, l’étude du droit positif camerounais souligne que si jusqu’au 27 juillet 2005, les droits de la société et ceux du délinquant se sont toujours trouvés au centre de ses préoccupations, la protection de la victime n’était que minimale. Le paradoxe était alors à son comble ! Depuis la réforme intervenue à cette date (adoption du tout premier Code de procédure pénale), la protection de la victime se trouve fort heureusement alignée sur celle des autres parties au procès pénal. Et la discipline qui l’organise a du coup cessé de trahir sa nature de science du compromis.

This study is focused on the linkages between the legislative families as descriptors of national legislative systems and International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs) issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB). We consider such analysis as a case study for the more general issue of explaining the preferences of national regulators in the adoption of foreign norms, rules, standards and practices. By using a dataset of 162 jurisdictions and dummy variables designed to capture the current stage of IFRSs adoption and, respectively, the taxonomy of their legislative systems, we find that a full IFRSs adoption is more likely to occur in countries which have principles-based on legislative mono-systems. In addition, we observe that a strong rule of law, with an effective mechanism of property rights reinforcement, as well as the pre-adoption existence of a pro-growth set of public policies can contribute to the encouragement of IFRSs adoption.

New technologies have been continuously emerging to enable effective reuse of an ever-growing amount of data on the Web. Innovative firms can leverage the available technologies and data to provide useful services. Comparison-shopping services are an example of reusing existing data to make bargain-finding easier. Certain reuses have caused conflicts with the firms whose data has been reused. Countries in the European Union have implemented the Database Directive to provide legal protection for database creators, but the impact and the interpretation of the new law are unclear and still evolving. Lawmakers in the U.S. have not decided on a policy concerning database protection and data reuse. Both data creating and data reusing firms need to develop strategies to operate effectively in this uncertain environment. Comparison-shopping and other data reuse services face similar legal and strategic challenges. Thus we address these challenges in the broader data reuse context. We use economic reasoning to formulate strategies in anticipation of the likely policy choices and interpretations of existing legislation. Both data creating firms and data reusing firms should focus on innovative ways of using or reusing data to create differentiated products and services. For firms that gather data from multiple sources, they can also use the insights gained from integrated data to provide other value-added services.

The authorities of the West African Economic and Monetary Union UEMOA fully understand that accounting plays the significant role in the process of economic development and regional integration in the member states. They decided to establish a common new accounting system, called West African Accounting System (SYSCOA). The accounting system has been developed on the initiative of the Central Bank of West African States

The recent high-stakes dispute between Google and China over censorship and cyber-security has spawned renewed discussion of the international trade law protections that internet and media companies may enjoy. Less recognized, however, is a perhaps more powerful legal tool in the arsenal of internet and media companies engaging in cross-border investments, namely international investment law.

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Cet article s’intéresse aux pratiques démocratiques des banques coopératives en prenant appui sur la description du déroulement de deux assemblées générales de caisses locales. Sans prétendre aucunement à la représentativité, l’étude de terrain permet cependant de mettre en exergue certaines difficultés à faire vivre dans les structures de très grande taille les grands principes coopératifs : la libre adhésion, l’égalité de vote, la libre participation à la gestion et l’absence de but lucratif des représentants élus. Elle permet aussi de souligner l’absence de débat sur la construction d’un projet alternatif au fonctionnement financier capitaliste. This article looks at the democratic practices of cooperative banks based on how two local branches conducted their AGMs. While not claiming to be representative, the field research does however identify certain difficulties that very large-scale organizations face in putting into practice the main cooperative principles of open membership, one person – one vote, participation in decision-making, and the volunteer status of elected officials. The study also highlights the lack of debate about constructing an alternative to the way capitalist banks operate.