Bibliographie sélective OHADA

La mise en place, au cours des années quatre-vingt-dix, de l’OHADA et d’autres organisations africaines d’intégration, s’est réalisée dans un contexte caractérisé par le phénomène de la mondialisation de l’économie et des marchés financiers. Dès lors, le législateur de l’OHADA, dans son œuvre de construction d’un espace d’intégration juridique stimulateur de croissance et de développement économiques, a-t-il pris en compte les exigences liées à l’émergence de marchés financiers communautaires en zone OHADA ? Si, en matière d’obligations de transparence imposées aux entreprises et autres émetteurs faisant appel public à l’épargne, l’Acte uniforme relatif au droit des sociétés commerciales paraît assez satisfaisant, en revanche, en matière de mécanismes de financement desdits émetteurs, la construction paraît pour le moins inachevée, situation qui semble nécessiter une modernisation du dispositif, destinée à promouvoir l’attractivité, la compétitivité et le développement des marchés financiers de l’espace OHADA.

The thesis covers one of the investment standards of international investment law, namely the full protection and security standard. In Part I, the study is introduced in terms of structure and substance. Chapter 1 provides a description of the scope of the research topic and a definition of its terms and structure. Chapter 2 covers the historical development of the full protection and security standard. Part II deals with three fundamental issues concerning the standard: sources, interpretation and content. Chapter 3 contains a discussion dealing with the various sources of the standard. Each source will be studied independently. Chapter 4 will address general issues with regard to interpretation, such as to what extent the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties influences the process of interpretation. Chapter 5 deals with the content of the standard of full protection and security, including conceptual issues relating to the substantive elements of which the standard consists. Moreover, the chapter will ask questions as to which underlying issues are needed to explore when a due diligence assessment is made in order to determine whether a state has fulfilled its obligations to provide protection and security. Part III deals with issues relating to the violations of the standard. In Chapter 6, the violations of the standard and their many manifestations will be analyzed. The chapter will address whether certain fact-based scenarios can be established in which the standard is most commonly violated. Finally, Chapter 7 contains a summary of findings.

Although a substantial body of literature has developed in recent years in the area of cross-border insolvency, this scholarship has been dominated by scholars from the United States and Europe, so that a perspective from most of Sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries is lacking. This study addresses this perspective. It makes an in-depth examination and discussion of the challenges that SSA countries face in reform and application of cross-border insolvency law given the ever-growing multinational trade and investment. The study focuses on the risk of failure of SSA legislative processes to properly address the potential challenges of cross-border insolvencies in a manner that is sensitive to the local contexts and which provides a balance with international insolvency benchmarks. It examines cross-border insolvency theories; the global drivers for convergence of insolvency law through global insolvency norms; and the implications for cross-border insolvency regulations arising from cross-border trade and investment arrangements, such as the bilateral investment treaties, before considering the state and future of the legislative frameworks of SSA countries.

The trust figure in South Africa has undergone an interesting process of evolution during the last century – from a mere gratuity or private tax evasion tool to a proper family protection, business entity, investment, and structured finance vehicle. Its flexibility and multi-functionality positioned the trust as an ideal legal institution for many innovative ideas in the search for holistic business structures, economic empowerment transactions, general estate planning and risk protection initiatives, and ultimately, its application as financial instrument and structured finance entity. The development of both traditional and synthetic securitisation schemes in South Africa has been investigated, with some emphasis on the application of the special purpose institution, which may be in trust form. It is submitted that the application of the trust figure has developed without any significant contribution from the local legislator. A sound legal and regulatory framework is crucial for the creation of a strong future environment for legal and financial vehicles. The question is, however, whether the current South African legal framework for the application of the business trust, and also as a vehicle for financial instruments, is adequately sound and robust in light of the standards set in the international business and financial environment. It is submitted that the hybrid nature of the South African legal landscape is conducive for the development of sound legal systems in an ever-changing legal and economic reality. It is further submitted that in the development of proper legal frameworks, South Africa should position itself particularly in its context as a Southern African developing democracy. The South African trust development is compared with that of some foreign jurisdictions as well as with international conventions and treaties of relevance. Some recommendations for necessary changes are made and it is submitted that such future development of the trust figure should not take place haphazardly, but within the context of a structured regulatory model