Bibliographie sélective OHADA

The liability of land transport operators in Cameroon is guaranteed by a good number of laws including; the constitution of Cameroon, the penal code, the 2001 law governing the Profession of Road Transport Operators, the 2023 law governing the rail sector in Cameroon and more. Such liability can be under the Tort of negligence, vicarious liability, or strict liability as provided for under section 289(1) of the Cameroonian penal code on Unintentional killing. However, the laxity of the courts in handling accident-related disputes, the contradictory and vague nature of the laws on the liability regime and even the lenient nature of the sanctions provided for by these laws do not meet up with the rate of accidents today in Cameroon. This article therefore has as its objective to examine the effectiveness of the legal frameworks in the establishment of liability of land transport operators in cases of accidents in Cameroon. Arguably, the author holds that the legal frameworks establishing the liability of land transport operators in cases of an accident in Cameroon are ineffective. A doctrinal research method has been adopted where both primary and secondary sources of information have been consulted. Our finding reveals that; the ineffectiveness of legal frameworks in the establishment of the liability of land transport operators in cases of accidents is a result of the laxity of the courts in implementing the laws and, the vague and contradictor nature of the law. We, therefore, recommend that; separate court hearings should be set for accident-related disputes and judges trained only on that, the laws should be revised, the sanctions in cases of accidents should be increased and all mitigating circumstances in cases of accidents should not be taken into consideration like a first-time offender, the plea of guilt etc.

Dijitalleşmenin hız kazandığı ve tüketici davranışlarının dönüşüme uğradığı günümüz e-ticaret ortamında, özellikle Covid-19 pandemisi sonrası çevrimiçi alışverişin yaygınlaşması sürdürülebilir lojistik uygulamalarının önemini artırmıştır. Artan sipariş hacmi, çevresel etkiler, karbon salımı ve teslimat sürelerine ilişkin beklentiler; daha verimli, esnek ve çevre dostu teslimat çözümlerine olan ihtiyacı gündeme getirmiştir. Bu bağlamda ev dışında teslimat gibi alternatif lojistik hizmetler ile sosyal, çevresel ve ekonomik sürdürülebilirlik yaklaşımları, tüketici davranışlarını etkileme potansiyeli taşıyan önemli değişkenler olarak öne çıkmaktadır. Bu doğrultuda tezin amacı, sürdürülebilir tedarik zinciri uygulamaları ile ev dışında teslimat modellerinin, e-memnuniyet, e-sadakat ve ödeme isteği üzerindeki etkilerini tüketiciler üzerinden incelemektir. Araştırma, açıklayıcı sıralı karma yöntem stratejisi ile yürütülmüştür. İlk aşamada 300'ü aşkın tüketiciden anket yoluyla nicel veriler toplanmış, ardından ikinci aşamada 27 katılımcı ile yapılan yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmeler aracılığıyla nitel veriler elde edilmiştir. Nicel veriler yapısal eşitlik modellemesiyle, nitel veriler ise tematik analiz yöntemiyle değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular, özellikle sosyal ve çevresel sürdürülebilirlik boyutlarının e-memnuniyet üzerinde ve ekonomik ve çevresel sürdürülebilirlik boyutlarının ise e-sadakat üzerinde anlamlı etkiler yarattığı yönündedir. Sürdürülebilirliğin üç boyutu da ödeme istekliliği üzerinde anlamlı ve pozitif bir etki yaratmamıştır. Ekonomik sürdürülebilirlik boyutu ise tüketiciler tarafından doğrudan algılanamadığı için memnuniyet üzerinde anlamlı bir etki göstermemiştir. Ev dışında teslimat uygulamalarının esneklik, zaman tasarrufu ve erişilebilirlik gibi avantajlar sunarak e-memnuniyeti ve ödeme isteğini artırdığını göstermektedir. Son olarak e-memnuniyetin, e-sadakati ve e-sadakatin, ödeme isteğini pozitif yönde anlamlı etkilediği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Bu tez, sürdürülebilir tedarik zinciri yönetimi, ev dışında teslimat ve e-ticarette tüketici memnuniyeti, tüketici sadakati ve ödeme isteğini bütüncül biçimde ele alan özgün bir model sunmaktadır. Sürdürülebilir tedarik zinciri uygulamaları ve ev dışında teslimat hizmetlerinin tüketici davranışları üzerindeki etkilerini açıklamak amacıyla Sosyal Kimlik Teorisi (SIT), Yeşil Tüketici Davranışı Yaklaşımı ve destekleyici olarak Yeniliğin Yayılımı Teorisi (YYT) çerçevesinde şekillenen kuramsal yapı, sürdürülebilir uygulamaların tüketicilerdeki karşılığını açıklamaya yardımcı olmuştur. Ayrıca bu çalışma, Türkiye örneğinde sürdürülebilir teslimat hizmetlerine yönelik farkındalık düzeyini ve bu hizmetlerin e-memnuniyet, e-sadakat ve ödeme davranışları üzerindeki etkilerini analiz ederek hem akademik literatüre hem de pratik lojistik ve pazarlama stratejilerine katkı sunması beklenmektedir. In today's rapidly evolving e-commerce landscape, shaped by accelerated digitalization and shifting consumer behaviors, the widespread adoption of online shopping - particularly in the aftermath of the Covid-19 pandemic - has amplified the significance of sustainable logistics practices. Increasing order volumes, environmental impacts, carbon emissions, and heightened expectations regarding delivery times have underscored the need for more efficient, flexible, and eco-friendly delivery solutions. In this context, out-of-home delivery services and the dimensions of social, environmental, and economic sustainability have emerged as key variables with the potential to influence consumer behavior. Accordingly, the purpose of this dissertation is to examine the effects of sustainable supply chain practices and out-of-home delivery models on e-satisfaction, e-loyalty, and willingness to pay, through the lens of consumer perceptions. The research adopts an explanatory sequential mixed-methods design. In the first phase, quantitative data were collected via a survey administered to over 300 consumers; in the second phase, qualitative data were obtained through semi-structured interviews conducted with 27 participants. The quantitative data were analyzed using structural equation modeling, while the qualitative data were evaluated through thematic analysis. The findings indicate that the social and environmental dimensions of sustainability have a significant impact on e-satisfaction, while the economic and environmental dimensions significantly influence e-loyalty. None of the three dimensions of sustainability were found to have a significant and positive effect on willingness to pay. The economic dimension of sustainability did not show a significant effect on satisfaction, likely because it is not directly perceived by consumers. Out-of-home delivery practices were found to enhance e-satisfaction and willingness to pay by offering advantages such as flexibility, time savings, and accessibility. Finally, the results revealed that e-satisfaction has a positive and significant effect on e-loyalty, and e-loyalty, in turn, significantly and positively affects willingness to pay. This study aims to develop an original and integrative model that examines sustainable supply chain management, out-of-home delivery, and key consumer outcomes in e-commerce, namely e-satisfaction, e-loyalty, and willingness to pay. Grounded in the Social Identity Theory (SIT), the Green Consumer Behavior Approach, and supported by the Diffusion of Innovations Theory (DOI), the proposed theoretical framework explains how sustainable supply chain practices and out-of-home delivery services shape consumer behavior. Moreover, by investigating the level of awareness of sustainable delivery services in the Turkish context and analyzing their effects on e-satisfaction, e-loyalty, and payment behavior, this research is expected to provide significant contributions to both academic literature and practical implications for logistics and marketing strategies.

Les attentats du 11 septembre 2001 ont profondément bouleversé les sociétés occidentales. Le transport aérien international mais également plusieurs branches du droit, dont le droit pénal et le droit des libertés publiques, ont été affectés. Le droit américain a imposé aux compagnies aériennes la transmission des données personnelles des passagers aériens, appelées Passenger Name Record (PNR). Alors que les États-Unis exigent cette transmission pour des raisons de sécurité nationale, le droit européen privilégie la protection de la vie privée et des données personnelles. Bien que l'accord euro-américain et d'autres accords similaires, ainsi que la directive européenne sur les PNR, visent à encadrer les échanges de données, ils sont susceptibles de porter atteinte aux droits fondamentaux des passagers. Cet équilibre entre sécurité et droits individuels se heurte à une réalité juridique : une limitation des libertés au nom de la sécurité collective. Tandis que le Conseil et la Commission européenne prônent des mesures sécuritaires, le Parlement européen et la Cour de justice de l'Union européenne cherchent à préserver les libertés individuelles. De nouvelles menaces pèsent sur la protection juridique des dossiers passagers telles que la collecte massive de données et le profilage aux frontières. L'intervention croissante des acteurs privés, notamment dans les aéroports, affaiblit cette protection et la déterritorialisation des données accentue cette vulnérabilité. Les crises internationales, comme la pandémie du coronavirus, ont encore renforcé l'usage de ces données, compliquant leur encadrement juridique. The terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, significantly disrupted Western societies. International transport law, along with areas of law such as criminal law and public freedoms, were profoundly affected. U.S. legislation imposed an obligation on airlines to transmit the personal data of air passengers, referred to as Passenger Name Record (PNR). While the U.S. requires this transmission for purposes of national security, European law prioritizes data protection. Despite the aim of the Euro-American agreement, other bilateral accords, and the European PNR Directive to regulate data exchanges, they pose a risk of infringing upon passengers' fundamental rights. This legal balance between security and individual rights reveals a tension: the restriction of civil liberties in the name of collective security. While the European Council and Commission endorse security-focused measures, the European Parliament and the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) seek to uphold individual liberties. Emerging threats to the legal protection of passenger data include mass data collection and profiling at borders, which are at odds with privacy rights. The growing involvement of private actors, particularly in airports, further undermines this protection, while the de-territorialization of data exacerbates its vulnerability. Additionally, international crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic have led to an expanded use of passenger data, complicating its legal regulation and oversight.

Le transport maritime est une activité essentielle pour le fonctionnement des sociétés modernes. Il a des fonctions économique et sociale incontestables. Elles ne s’arrêtent pas au navire, objet principal du transport maritime. De nombreux acteurs terrestres, nécessaires à sa construction, sa vie opérationnelle puis à son démantèlement, vivent aussi pour et grâce à cette activité. Tous ces éléments en font une activité d’importance mondiale. Dans un contexte de prise de conscience de l’impact des activités humaines sur l’environnement, le transport maritime peut être « pointé du doigt » pour la pollution marine et atmosphérique qu’il génère. C’est pourquoi, il est aujourd’hui indispensable de travailler sur une transition de cette activité pour la rendre plus respectueuse de l’environnement. Toutefois, cette transition comporte plusieurs enjeux. En effet, de nombreux obstacles techniques et économiques, en plus de l’importance de préserver le marché mondial du transport maritime, vont compliquer le travail pour réduire la pollution provenant des navires. C’est dans ce cadre que le droit maritime va intervenir. Il est adopté principalement, mais pas uniquement, au niveau international. Ce droit va inciter, ou obliger, selon les sujets, les acteurs du secteur à réduire leur empreinte environnementale. Il est produit principalement par l'Organisation Maritime Internationale (OMI) et porte majoritairement sur le navire. Dans son élaboration, il doit prendre en compte tous les enjeux liés à cette activité. Toutefois, en analysant certaines réglementations qui existent aujourd’hui, des lacunes apparaissent pour permettre la transition écologique du transport maritime. À l’inverse, d’autres réglementations ont fait leurs preuves dans la lutte contre un type de pollution. L’analyse de tous ces textes, mise en lumière avec des retours d’expériences régionales ou nationales, fait ressortir les éléments nécessaires pour construire un droit effectif et efficace, et ouvre des voies d’amélioration du droit maritime international.

A l’instar des autres secteurs d’activités, l’entrepreneuriat féminin est buté à de multiples problèmes dans le secteur de la logistique et des transports au Mali. Ces problèmes sont d’ordre organisationnel et sont dus à la complexité de la planification du matériel de transport ainsi que la gestion du personnel tant bien administratif que celui de la conduite. Ces multiples problèmes font que les entreprises de transport et en particulier celles du secteur de la logistique et des transports naissent et disparaissent en un laps de temps. Selon le droit OHADA, la durée de vie d’une entreprise est de 99 ans. Cette durée est largement supérieure à la durée moyenne de vie de nos entreprises du secteur de la logistique et des transports qui varie entre 10 ans et 20 ans. L’objectif de  l’étude est d’établir un lien entre l’entrepreneuriat féminin dans son ensemble et le cas spécifique de la logistique et des transports au Mali. La méthodologie utilisée consiste à faire d’abord une recherche documentaire permettant d’analyser l’évolution des entreprises du secteur de la logistique et des transports, leur durée de vie moyenne puis une étude qualitative a été faite à l’aide d’un guide d’entretien adressé à des personnes cibles. Le guide d’entretien a été adressé aux personnes suivantes : 3 entrepreneurs du secteur de la logistique et des transports, 2 agents de la Direction Générale des Transports, 2 agents de la Direction générale du commerce et de la concurrence, 2 agents du conseil malien des chargeurs, 2 agents de l’Agence pour la promotion des investissements. Les résultats de l’étude montrent la fragilité du dit secteur qui défavorise l’entrepreneuriat féminin et entraine souvent le déclin rapide des entreprises de la logistique et des transports. De même, l’étude montre que le taux de rentabilité interne des entreprises dudit secteur est faible. Like other sectors of activity, women's entrepreneurship faces multiple problems in the logistics and transport sector in Mali. These problems are of an organizational nature and are due to the complexity of the planning of transport equipment as well as the management of both administrative and operational personnel. These multiple problems mean that transport companies, and in particular those in the logistics and transport sector, are born and disappear in a short period of time. According to OHADA law, the lifespan of a company is 99 years. This is much longer than the average lifespan of our companies in the logistics and transport sector, which varies between 10 and 20 years. The objective of the study is to establish a link between women's entrepreneurship as a whole and the specific case of logistics and transport in Mali. The methodology used consists of first conducting documentary research to analyse the evolution of companies in the logistics and transport sector, their average lifespan, and then a qualitative study was carried out using an interview guide addressed to target people. The interview guide was sent to the following people: 3 entrepreneurs in the logistics and transport sector, 2 agents of the Directorate General of Transport, 2 agents of the Directorate General of Trade and Competition, 2 agents of the Malian Shippers' Council, 2 agents of the Agency for the Promotion of Investments. The results of the study show the fragility of the said sector, which disadvantages female entrepreneurship and often leads to the rapid decline of logistics and transport companies. Similarly, the study shows that the internal profitability rate of companies in this sector is low.

Le contrat de transport routier de marchandises dans son exécution impose des obligations accessoires aux parties. Ces obligations sont essentielles au transporteur pour une bonne préparation de l’envoi. Par ailleurs, ce dernier conclut un contrat avec le manutentionnaire pour effectuer les opérations de chargement et de déchargement moyennant le versement d’une somme supplémentaire d’argent par l’expéditeur. La mauvaise opération de manipulation des objets engage la responsabilité de l’auteur du dommage. La solution retenue peut être le partage de responsabilité ainsi que le mode de réparation afin d’assurer l’équilibre financier entre le transporteur et le manutentionnaire.

Ticari hayatta duyulan ihtiyaç sonucu ortaya çıkmış sözleşmelerden birisi olan pazarlamacılık sözleşmesi, sıklıkla uygulanan sözleşmelerden olması ve hizmet sözleşmesinin özel bir türü olmasına karşın farklılaştığı hususların önemi sebebiyle kanun koyucu tarafından Türk Borçlar Kanunu içerisinde hizmet sözleşmesinden ayrı olarak düzenlenmiştir. Kanuni bir tanımının da bulunmasının etkisiyle tarafları ve unsurları rahatlıkla belirlenebilir mahiyettedir. Pazarlamacılık sözleşmesi unsurları; bağımlılık, süreklilik, iş yeri dışı faaliyet alanı ve ücret olan, rızai ve tam iki tarafa borç yükleyen bir isimli sözleşmedir. Pazarlamacılık sözleşmesinin taraflarından sözleşmeye de ismini vermiş olan pazarlamacı aynı zamanda bağımlı bir tacir yardımcısıdır. Bu bağlamda pazarlamacılık sözleşmesinin benzer olduğu birçok sözleşme bulunduğu gibi pazarlamacının da benzer olduğu birçok tacir yardımcısı bulunmaktadır, ancak her ikisinin de özüne inildiğinde benzer noktalardan ziyade diğerlerinden farklı karakteristik özellikleri bulunduğu rahatlıkla anlaşılacaktır. Tarafların hakları ve yükümlülükleri genel itibariyle pazarlamacılık sözleşmesinde birbirlerine karşılık gelmektedir, sözleşme böylece taraflar arasında kurulur, sürer ve sona erer. Pazarlamacılık sözleşmesinin sona ermesinde hizmet sözleşmesine ilişkin sona erme hallerinin söz konusu olduğu gibi kendine has sona erme halleri de söz konusudur. Her sözleşmede olduğu gibi sona erme halinde bunun da meydana getireceği sonuçlar taraflar özelinde kendisini gösterir. Ticaret hukuku ve borçlar hukuku özellikleri gösteren bir sözleşme olan pazarlamacılık sözleşmesi, özellikle belirli sektörlerde sıklıkla uygulanması, uyuşmazlıklara konu olması haricinde pazarlamacının sözleşmenin diğer tarafı olan işverene bağlı olarak faaliyet göstermesi sebebiyle de iş hukuku özelliği de gösteren bir sözleşmedir. Traveling salesman, which is one of the contracts that emerged as a result of a need in commercial life, has been arranged separately from the contract of service in the Turkish Code of Obligations, due to the importance of the matters that differentiate it, although it is one of the most frequently applied contracts and it is a special type of contract of service. With the effect of having a legal definition, its parties and facts can be easily identified. Traveling salesman is a consensual and bilateral contract with its elements which are dependency, continuity, non-operational field of business and fee. Traveling salesman as one of the parties of traveling salesman contract, who has given its name to the contract, is also a dependent tradesman assistant. In this context, as there are several contracts that traveling salesman is similar to, there are several tradesman assistants that traveling salesman is similar to, but when the essence of both is examined, it will be easily understood that they have various characteristics from the others. The rights and obligations of the parties generally correspond to each other in traveling salesman, so the contract is concluded, continued and terminated between the parties. In the termination of traveling salesman, there are specific termination cases as well as the termination cases related to contract of service. As with every contract, the consequences of termination in the event of termination will manifest themselves in particular to the parties. Traveling salesman is a contract that has the characteristics of commercial law and law of obligations, and also is a contract that has labor law characteristics, especially since it is frequently applied in certain sectors, is the subject of disputes, and because the traveling salesman operates under the employer, the other party of the contract.

Bu çalışmanın amacı, ülkelerin rekabet güçleri açısından oldukça önemli olan lojistik performansları ile insani gelişmişlik düzeylerinin hava kargo ve küresel rekabet faktörlerinin nasıl ilişkili olduğunu ortaya koymaktır. Bunu ifade etmek için, 29 OECD (Ekonomik İş birliği ve Gelişme Teşkilatı) ülkesinin lojistik performanslarını hava taşımacılığının kargo göstergeleri ile ilişkilendirip ve sonuçları bahsi geçen ülkelerin insani gelişmişlik düzeyine etkisi açısından yorumlamaktır. Verilerin tüm ülkeler için eşit olmasına dikkat edilmiştir. Kullanılan puanlamaların zaman serisi 2010, 2012, 2014, 2016, 2018 yıllarını kapsamaktadır. Sonuçların analizi, kullanılan verilerin SPSS ile ortaya çıkarılarak oluşan yapısal eşitlik modellemesinin (YEM) üzerinden, çalışan ve çalışmayan regresyonların belirlenip ortaya hava taşımacılığı açısından etki eden verilerin bulgusuna erişmek ve yapılan analiz ile bu verilerin göstergesi ışığında hava lojistiği performansıyla ilişkili olup olmadığını göstermeye çalışılmaktadır. Çalışmada özellikle elde edilmek istenen bulgular bahsi geçen ülkelerin gayri safi milli hasıla ile kişi başına düşen milli gelirin hava taşımacılığının doğrudan veya dolaylı yoldan hem küresel rekabete olan etkisi hem de GSYİH’ye olan katkısıdır. Çalışma da lojistik kavramı ile birlikte ülkelerin ticaretleri ele alınarak dünya üzerindeki ticari üstünlüklerine değinilmiştir. Literatür araştırması, insani açıdan yetkin ülkelerin lojistik endüstrisine bakış açıları değerlendirilmiş ve lojistik alanındaki yükselişleri ile bağlantılı kalkınmasına işaret edilmiştir. Kullanılan veriler güvenilirlik açısından Dünya Bankası’ndan alınmış ve kullanılan endeksler çalışmanın kapsamında bulunan bütün parametreler ile analiz edilmiştir. Bunun sonucunda kurulan model de hava kargo taşımacılığının dolaylı olarak küresel rekabete etkisi ile Gayri Safi Yurtiçi Hasıla’ya ve aynı zamanda insani rekabet performanslarının lojistik performans endeksi ile anlamlı bir ilişki kurduğu ortaya çıkmıştır.

Bien que le droit maritime fasse partie intégrante du droit commercial, qui relève de la compétence matérielle de l'OHADA, on constate qu'il ne fait pas l'objet d'un droit uniforme, ni adopté, ni en préparation. Cependant, la mission de l'OHADA est de lutter contre l'incertitude juridique et judiciaire liée aux conflits juridiques en dotant ses États membres de règles communes simples et modernes adaptées à leurs réalités économiques. L’absence d’une Loi uniforme sur le droit de la mer au sein de l’OHADA ne peut donc être justifiée au motif qu’elle n’est pas nécessaire. C’est ce que vise à démontrer cet article afin d’alerter les décideurs du secteur OHADA sur la nécessité d’intégrer le droit maritime dans le processus de normalisation du droit commercial. En effet, les différences entre les législations maritimes dans l’espace OHADA, les conflits juridiques qui en résultent, ainsi que les complexités juridiques et judiciaires liées à la coexistence du droit maritime et du droit uniforme sont autant d’éléments favorables à une telle initiative.

El transporte multimodal ha sido un recurso comercial ampliamente utilizado por los países para facilitar el intercambio de productos. Este estudio se enfocó en analizar la aplicación práctica del régimen jurídico del contrato de transporte multimodal internacional de mercancías, y considerar su importancia frente a los desafíos relacionados con la globalización económica y política. A pesar de los esfuerzos por establecer una regulación uniforme en los mercados internacionales, dicho régimen aún no satisface completamente las necesidades de los participantes en estas transacciones, por lo que debilita las tendencias sociológicas a la interconexión, proyevendo de debilidades adicionales a los subsistemas nacionales. Organismos internacionales como MERCOSUR, la CAM, la ALADI, el SICA, la OEA, las Naciones Unidas (a través de su Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe) y la UNCITRAL han trabajado en la formulación de soluciones para las principales controversias surgidas en este proceso. Sin embargo, esto ha resultado en un régimen jurídico incompleto, fragmentado y poco eficaz, que favorece principalmente a los países miembros de estos organismos internacionales emisores de regulaciones. Además, estas soluciones no siempre pueden extrapolarse como reglas generales o como soluciones efectivas para las consecuencias derivadas del incumplimiento de las cláusulas contractuales. Multimodal transportation has been a widely used commercial resource by countries to facilitate the exchange of goods. This study focused on analyzing the challenges related to the practical application of the legal framework of the international multimodal transport contract. Despite efforts to establish uniform regulation in international markets, this framework still does not fully meet the needs of participants in these transactions, therefore, it weakens social tendencies towards interconnection, providing additional weaknesses to national subsystems. International organizations such as MERCOSUR, CAM, ALADI, SICA, OAS, the United Nations (through its Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean), and UNCITRAL have worked on formulating solutions to the main controversies that have arisen in this process. However, this has resulted in an incomplete, fragmented, and inefficient legal framework, which primarily benefits the member countries of these international organizations issuing regulations. Additionally, these solutions cannot always be extrapolated as general rules or effective solutions for the consequences of non-compliance with contractual clauses.

Avec le développement de l'intelligence artificielle, sont apparus les robots intelligents, qui sont capables de simuler l'intelligence humaine dans des fonctions qui reviennent traditionnellement à l'homme. Ce phénomène de remplacement de l'homme par les machines autonomes s'observe notamment en matière de transports, avec l'émergence des véhicules autonomes, qui se distinguent des véhicules sans équipage. Ce processus d'autonomisation amorce une réflexion chez le juriste : qu'est ce que l'autonomie du moyen de transport ? Doit-on circonscrire cette autonomie ? Dans quelle mesure faut-il adapter le droit ?

The main purpose of transportation is connecting people to destinations they value. This seemingly banal statement would, if taken seriously in policymaking, upend transportation and land use planning. Today, planning agencies rely on key performance indicators (KPIs) to measure outcomes. While ostensibly neutral and technical, these measurements in fact imply policy judgments and drive legal consequences. They operate both as a shield against litigation and as a sword to justify new projects. But the way KPIs are set up reflects confusion about basic purposes. They are used to plan and evaluate based not on the ability to reach anything but rather simply to accelerate the speed of traveling. We seek to anchor transportation policy discussion in first principles. The shift we propose is mode agnostic in that it is relevant to all means of transportation. Even so, shifting from a goal of speed to one of reachability would be a leap. We believe such a shift suggests important open questions regarding the barriers to reform and we engage a few of them.

Les compagnies aériennes sont des acteurs importants du transport aérien. Fort de cela, les autorités ivoiriennes ont entrepris d’en créer une au lendemain de l’indépendance dans le but d’assurer la desserte du territoire. C’est ainsi qu’en 1963, voit le jour Air Ivoire. Cette compagnie aérienne sera par la suite remplacée par la Nouvelle Air Ivoire en 1999. Air Côte d’Ivoire succédera à cette dernière en 2012. L’objectif de cette étude est d’analyser l’impact de ces compagnies aériennes sur le développement du transport aérien domestique en Côte d’Ivoire. L’atteinte de cet objectif a nécessité des investigations de terrain. Mais au préalable, une recherche documentaire s’est avérée nécessaire. Au sortir de toutes ces recherches, l’étude révèle que la faillite d’Air Ivoire et la priorité accordée aux vols régionaux et internationaux par la Nouvelle Air Ivoire et Air Côte d’Ivoire, impactent négativement le développement du transport aérien domestique en Côte d’Ivoire.