Bibliographie sélective OHADA

This paper examines how coloniality continues to shape international trade procedures and processes, thereby contributing to persistent underdevelopment in countries of sub-Saharan Africa. Although formal colonial rule has ended, the paper argues that its underlying power structures remain embedded in global economic systems. These manifest in countries of sub-Saharan Africa through unequal terms of trade, dependence on primary commodity exports, and externally driven development agendas. Drawing from dependency theory and Schumpeter’s notion of creative destruction, the paper specifically analyzes how historical patterns of exploitation and knowledge hierarchies are reproduced through contemporary trade agreements, financial institutions, and global value chains. The paper highlights how structural constraints of limited industrialization, vulnerability to price fluctuations, and asymmetrical bargaining power perpetuate economic dependency and destabilize social productive forces in countries of sub-Saharan Africa. Consequently, creative talents to create new products and technologies to transform societies in sub-Saharan Africa are befuddled and crumpled. The paper concludes that addressing underdevelopment in sub-Saharan Africa requires confronting the colonial logics embedded in global trade structures and advancing alternative models grounded in economic sovereignty, regional integration, and equitable global governance. Thus, there is a need for the formation of capital for competitive innovation to support indigenous businesses in countries of sub-Saharan Africa. This is necessary because innovation tends not to occur in a free market; instead, innovation is deeply shaped by choices and investments made by the State in industrial policy (subsidies), research and development (R&D) funding, infrastructure, education, and human capital development.

Le libre-échange n'existe pas, il y aura toujours un prix à payer. Dans un monde marqué par des défis mondiaux complexes ainsi que des crises environnementales et sanitaires, l'OMC et les ACR représentent, face aux effets pervers de la mondialisation, deux outils juridiques internationaux dont la dynamique soulève des questions essentielles quant à leur rôle dans le développement de relations internationales économiques stables et la résolution pacifique des différends. En veillant à ce que le Droit International Économique, incarné par l’OMC et les ACR, soit en mesure de répondre aux besoins évolutifs de l'humanité – qui transcende le cadre national –, cette thèse souligne la nécessité de renforcer la coordination entre l'OMC et les ACR afin de gérer les complexités historiques et de relever les défis contemporains. Les résultats suggèrent un paysage complexe où l'OMC et les ACR présentent à la fois des tendances cohérentes et contradictoires. Tout en montrant des tendances susceptibles de dégrader non seulement le fonctionnement de l’OMC mais également l’harmonie des relations internationales économiques, les ACR peuvent s’aligner avec la vision multilatérale et ainsi contribuer à l’avenir du commerce mondial. Mots-clés : Régionalisme, Multilatéralisme, Coopération internationale, Gouvernance globale, Libre-échange, Développement économique. There is no such thing as free trade - there will always be a price to pay. In a world marked by complex global challenges and environmental and health crises, the WTO and RTAs represent two international legal tools against the perverse effects of globalization, whose dynamics raise essential questions about their role in the development of stable international economic relations and the peaceful resolution of disputes.In ensuring that International Economic Law, embodied by the WTO and RTAs, is able to respond to the evolving needs of humanity that transcends the national framework, this thesis highlights the need for greater coordination between the WTO and RTAs in order to manage historical complexities and meet contemporary challenges.The results suggest a complex landscape where the WTO and RTAs represent both coherent and contradictory trends. While showing trends that may challenge not only the workings of the WTO but also the harmony of international economic relations, RTAs can be aligned with the multilateral vision and contribute to the future of world trade.Keywords: Regionalism, Multilateralism, International cooperation, Global governance, Free trade, Economic development.