L’évaluation et la couverture assurantielle des zones de transport de marchandises dites à risques - Ladka, Maxime (Aix-Marseille Université, 2021)

Le transport maritime de cacao - Laemmel, Thomas (Aix-Marseille Université, 2021)

The tripartite free trade area: towards a comprehensive African economic community with a particular focus on SADC - Mabinza, Siqhamo (University of KwaZulu-Natal, 2021)
No abstract available.
Keywords: Africa; GATT; Multilateral trading systems; Regional Trade Agreements (RTAs); SADC; Southern African Development Community; WTO

The principle of party autonomy in the HAGUE principles on choice of law in International Commercial Contracts : lessons for Chinese, Russian and South African Private International Law - Manganye, Makhanani Annastesia (University of Johannesburg, 2021)
It is no secret that there has been an increase in international trade in recent decades. Natural and juristic persons have taken it upon themselves to trade both domestically and internationally. As international trade increases so too do the conclusion of international commercial contracts. When individuals enter into an international contract, one particularly important issue, and one that should be foremost in the minds of the contracting parties, is which legal system will govern their agreement? Therefore, a significant factor to any international commercial contract is whether the parties have the freedom to choose the law applicable to their agreement and to choose the court that will adjudicate upon their contractual disputes, and if so, to what extent may the parties exercise their freedom of choice?... LL.M. (International Commercial Law)
Keywords: Commercial policy; Commercial treaties; International trade

Les nuisances sonores du transport aérien : mesures d'accompagnement et (nouveaux) défis - Moeson, Yannick (Aix-Marseille Université, 2021)

The impact of the Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) on the right to health and the right to development: a study of the implementation of TRIPS in Zimbabwe - Munemo, Ropafadzo Blessing (University of KwaZulu-Natal, 2021)
The right to health and the right to development are intertwined socio-economic rights that affect the well being and growth of a country’s populace. Most developing and least developed countries face challenges in ensuring access to essential medicines vis a vis the realisation of the right to health and full potential of development. Patents, provided for under the TRIPS Agreement are partly to blame for the lack of access to essential medicines as they account for the excessive pricing of medicines. Zimbabwe being a developing country currently facing dire economic and political challenges but being obliged under the International and Regional Human Rights Conventions it subscribed to, has to ensure the progressive realisation of the right to health and development. However, as a member of the TRIPS Agreement, there are limitations to the country’s ability to ensure access to medicines and healthcare for developmental purposes. This thesis has outlined the problematic provisions of the TRIPS Agreement and Zimbabwe’s attempt to use the flexibilities provided to its advantage. Zimbabwe has only put into use the flexibility of compulsory licensing and parallel importation to a limited extent; hence the recommendation that even though the country has domesticated the Agreement to its advantage, the country needs to explore other flexibilities comprehensively and promote the realisation of the rights to health and development.
Keywords: Access to medicine; Health care costs; Intellectual property; Public health; TRIPs; Trade tariffs; Zimbabwe

Ley rider : dependencia y ajenidad en las nuevas relaciones laborales del entorno digital - Muriel Díaz, Pablo (Universidad Internacional de Andalucía, 2021)
La presente monografía analiza el régimen jurídico instaurado tras la entrada en vigor de la Ley 12/2021, de 28 de septiembre, por la que se modifica el texto refundido de la Ley del Estatuto de los Trabajadores, aprobado por el Real Decreto Legislativo 2/2015, de 23 de octubre, para garantizar los derechos laborales de las personas dedicadas al reparto en el ámbito de las plataformas digitales, que añade una Disposición Adicional 23ª al texto del Estatuto de los Trabajadores, consagrando a nivel legal la presunción de laboralidad de las relaciones entre trabajador y empresa en el ámbito de las plataformas digitales de reparto. Además, la norma jurídica viene a modificar el artículo 64.4 del Estatuto de los Trabajadores, introduciendo un nuevo apartado bajo la letra d), ampliando así el derecho de información de los comités de empresa, en su condición de máximo órgano de representación del conjunto de los trabajadores. Por otra parte, el trabajo centrará sus esfuerzos en desgranar la adaptación o reformulación de los clásicos conceptos jurídicos de Derecho del Trabajo de dependencia y ajenidad, como características esenciales del trabajo asalariado o por cuenta ajena, frente al trabajo por cuenta propia, clave fundamental para determinar, en definitiva, la existencia o no de una relación de naturaleza laboral. Utilizando como principal referencia la Sentencia número 805/2020, de fecha 25 de septiembre de 2020, del Tribunal Supremo, Pleno de la Sala de lo Social (recurso número 4746/2020), en cuyos principios se ha inspirado la posterior norma jurídica, trataremos de analizar la evolución que han sufrido estos conceptos a raíz del imparable auge del modelo de relaciones laborales surgido a la sombra de la economía tecnológica y del entorno digital, especialmente, en el ámbito de las plataformas de reparto de mercancías y toda clase de productos de consumo.
Trabajo Fin de Máster en Dirección y Gestión de Personas (2020-21). Directora: Dra. Dª María Luisa Pérez Guerrero.

An analysis of the consequences of a business rescue moratorium on legal proceedings on property owners - Ngubane, Samukelo Siyanda (University of KwaZulu-Natal, 2021)
It has been over a decade since the Companies Act 71 of 2008 introduced business rescue proceedings which provided for the rescue of financially distressed companies. This procedure replaced the then statutory procedure of judicial management under Companies Act 61 of 1973. The business rescue proceedings begin with the general moratorium or stay on legal proceedings against the company or its property. This has a consequence that any claims against the company may only be enforced with the consent of the business rescue practitioner or the leave of the court. However, the courts continue to grapple with the interpretation, effect, and application of the key elements of business rescue provisions while always striving to accord respect to the legislative intention of business rescue as set out in section 7(k) of the Companies Act 71 of 2008. After a decade since its introduction, it is an opportune time to ascertain whether the business rescue proceedings is an effective corporate rescue procedure suitable to the modern-day demands of the South African economy. The research analyses the effect and the consequences of the moratorium on the rights of property owners. The moratorium has the effect that companies are given temporary immunity to actions brought by creditors which would have been due and enforceable. In this regard, the property leased by the property owner remains occupied by the company during business rescue proceedings as the property owner is barred by the moratorium to institute legal proceedings against the company. Further, when the repossession of the property is not possible and the rental due or installment is not payable by the company, the business rescue proceedings encroaches on the right of the property owners. The purpose of the research is to highlight the effect of the moratorium on the lease agreement between the company and property owners and the possible protection of the property owners’ rights. The study includes a critical analysis of judicial decisions on the moratorium, together with a discussion of the legal position in comparable foreign jurisdictions. In my conclusion, based on the findings, the business rescue is not free from imperfection. Therefore, I recommended that the legislature amend some parts of Chapter 6 of the Companies Act 71 of 2008.
Keywords: Companies Act 71 of 2008; Corporate rescue procedure; Financially distressed companies; South Africa; Stay on legal proceedings

L'Intégration de l'aviation légère dans le tissu social et la politique environnementale - Nourbakhsh, Sinaz (Aix-Marseille Université, 2021)

A Third World approach to the role of South Africa, Nigeria and Kenya in the multilateral trading system - Nzimande, Nosiphiwo (University of KwaZulu-Natal, 2021)
No abstract provided.
Keywords: GATT; General Agreement on Trade and Tariffs; International Trade; Kenya; Nigeria; Regional Trade Agreements (RTAs); South Africa; WTO; World Trade Organization; World trade

Les garanties d'usage des postes d'amarrage - Prud'Homme, Valentine (Aix-Marseille Université, 2021)

Takeover and shareholders' agreements - Sabatini, Federico (LUISS Guido Carli, 2021)
The OPA. Notions of takeover bids. Recognising and distinguishing the various forms of control within a company. Type of takeover bid. Subsequent defence techniques. The US control market and details of M&A and tender offers. Bids and acquisitions in China. Comparative European case studies. Shaldeholders' agreements. Regulatory sources and definition of covenants. Concerted action. Takeover obligations arising from concerted action. Cases. The Fondiaria-Sai case. Unipol-BNL. Other case of exemption.

L'arrêt de la production des avions de ligne civils quadriréacteurs équivaut-elle à une fin de leur exploitation ? - Simoud, Inès (Aix-Marseille Université, 2021)

L'arbitrage en droit aérien et spatial - Soliveres, Théo (Aix-Marseille Université, 2021)
Keywords: Arbitrage; Arbitration; Droit aérien; Droit spatial

L'implémentation internationale des unités d'information passagers - Thimon, Niels (Aix-Marseille Université, 2021)

Les lanceurs spatiaux réutilisables : La norme de demain ? - Voisin, Gabriel (Aix-Marseille Université, 2021)

L'UEMOA : la cohabitation des juridictions intervenant dans la résolution des conflits issus des investissements internationaux - Berte, Tandjaman Abiba Grace (Université de Montréal, 2020)
Les traditions culturelles et l’histoire commune des états membres de l’UEMOA ont été des facteurs clé de leur rapprochement dans divers domaines. En effet, la monnaie commune de ces différents pays a permis d’instaurer les fondements d’un droit commun des investissements, et une zone de coopération fondée sur une profonde solidarité . Ceci devait se faire, à travers la reconnaissance de la liberté de circulation des capitaux dans le traité du 12 mai 1962 instituant l’UMOA qu’ils s’étaient engagés à transformer en Union Économique et Monétaire Ouest-Africaine . Au fil du temps, le développement du droit communautaire en Afrique de l’Ouest a évolué et couvert un large champ qui s’étend désormais aux investissements . Les enjeux du Droit International des Investissements, en raison des exigences de la mondialisation des économies, ont contraint les États de l’espace UEMOA, importateurs de capitaux, à faire converger leur réglementation des investissements afin de favoriser leur attractivité et d’en tirer le meilleur parti . La difficulté d’un tel objectif réside d’une part, dans la nécessité d’arriver à̀ concilier leurs intérêts avec ceux des investisseurs ; qui ne sont pas toujours convergents et d’autre part, soulèvent certaines questions concernant le choix des juridictions compétentes et du droit applicable aux conventions d’investissements. L’Union n’a pas dérogé aux standards internationaux de protection des investissements qui existent pour les garanties procédurales . Elle a reconnu la pertinence de l’arbitrage comme principal mode de règlement des différends tout en réaffirmant le principe de la compétence des juridictions nationales et communautaires. Dès lors, pour débattre « de la cohabitation des juridictions encadrant la résolution des conflits issus des investissements internationaux dans l’UEMOA » thème de l’étude que nous avons menée, nous avons suivi la démarche ci-après : Au Chapitre I, nous avons présenté l’UEMOA dans toute sa composante. Dans le Chapitre II, nous avons présenté les différents investissements au sein de l’UEMOA. Quant au Chapitre III, il a porté des éclairages sur l’arbitrage au sein de l’UEMOA, l’un des principaux modes de résolution des conflits issus des investissements internationaux et traite de certaines sentences arbitrales sur des cas de conflits entre États membres de l’Union et des investisseurs. Par ailleurs, le chapitre IV propose quelques analyses critiques sur la gestion des conflits. Enfin, le Chapitre V, fait état de nos analyses critiques et recommandations à l’effet d’apporter notre contribution pour l’amélioration de cette pratique importante et délicate pour l’Union. The cultural traditions and the common history of the UEMOA member states have been key factors in bringing them together in various fields. Indeed, the common currency of these different countries has made it possible to establish the foundations of a common investment law, and an area of cooperation based on deep solidarity. This was to be done, through the recognition of the freedom of movement of capital in the treaty of May 12, 1962 establishing the UEMOA which they had undertaken to transform into the West African Economic and Monetary Union. Over time, the development of community law in West Africa has evolved and covered a large field which now extends to and covered to investment. The challenges of International Investment Law, due to the requirements of the globalization of economies, have forced the WAEMU States, importers of capital, to converge their investment regulations in order to promote their attractiveness and draw better. The difficulty of such an objective lies, on the one hand, in the need to manage to reconcile their interests with those of investors ; which are not always convergent and on the other hand, raise certain questions concerning the choice of competent courts and the law applicable to investment agreements. The Union has not departed from the international investment protection standards that exist for procedural guarantees. It recognized the relevance of arbitration as a means of settling disputes while reaffirming the principle of the jurisdiction of national and Community courts. Therefore, to debate "the cohabitation of the jurisdictions framing the arbitration of conflicts arising from international investments in the UEMOA" theme of the study that we conducted, we followed the following approach : vi In Chapter I, we presented UEMOA in its entire component. In Chapter II, we presented the various investments within the UEMOA. As for Chapter III, it shed light on arbitration within the UEMOA and deals with certain arbitral awards on cases of conflicts between Member States of the Union and investors. In addition, Chapter IV offers some critical analyzes on conflict management. Finally, Chapter V presents our critical analyzes and recommendations to make our contribution to the improvement of this important and delicate practice for the Union.
Keywords: Coexistence of jurisdictions; Cohabitation des juridictions; Conflict resolution; International investments; Investissements; Investissements internationaux; Résolution des conflits; UEMOA

L'évolution des rapports entre le juge et l'arbitre au regard des récentes réformes en droit de l'arbitrage québécois : les compétences exclusives et non exclusives du juge étatique - Koffi, Ange Marina N'gbo (Université de Montréal, 2020)
L'arbitre représente le juge dans la procédure d’arbitrage: il tranche, juge et détient la balance de la justice dans cette procédure. Bien que ses décisions soient des sentences arbitrales, elles n’ont pas la force exécutoire d’un jugement judiciaire qui impliquerait une sanction en cas de non-exécution de celle-ci par la partie contre laquelle elle a été rendue. Ainsi, les thèses selon lesquelles les rapports du juge et de l’arbitre sont conflictuels, selon lesquelles les pouvoirs attribués à l’arbitre pour mener sa mission à terme et le principe d’incompétence du juge étatique dans le déroulement d’un arbitrage interne ou international, deviennent réfutables. Soumises pour contrôle et à l’appui du juge étatique, l’instance arbitrale et la sentence arbitrale s'intègrent dans l'ordre juridictionnel. Elles doivent cohabiter ensemble dans une même atmosphère juridique. Le juge dans cette optique a l’obligation de protéger et de respecter la volonté des parties, tout en veillant au bon déroulement de la procédure arbitrale. Ainsi, au regard, des nouvelles réformes en arbitrage en vigueur au Québec, en France et dans plusieurs autres États, les rapports entre les tribunaux judiciaires et l’arbitrage ont évolué vers l’entente, la collaboration et la complémentarité. De plus, les textes légaux et les règles qui gouvernent la procédure arbitrale sont d’une grande importance dans notre exposé, car elles contribuent à la démonstration de ces nouveaux rapports. Ce sont, en effet le respect des règles et la possibilité pour les parties de les manipuler qui rendent l’arbitrage attrayant. Le présent mémoire vise à démontrer l’évolution des rapports entre le juge et l’arbitre au regard de récentes réformes dans le droit de l’arbitrage québécois parallèlement au droit de l’arbitrage français. Notre stratégie consistera à identifier les pouvoirs attribués au juge étatique et à analyser la place de choix réservée au juge étatique dans cette procédure. Puisqu’il s’avère être un appui précieux à l'arbitrage, il conviendrait de redéfinir sa place dans cette procédure, afin de dissiper toutes les incompréhensions qui ont pu exister. The arbitrator represents the judge in the arbitration proceedings: he decides, judges and holds the balance of justice in the arbitration proceedings. Although its decisions are arbitral awards, they do not have the enforceable force of a judicial judgment that would involve a penalty in the event of non-performance by the party against whom it was issued. Thus, the arguments according to which the reports of the judge and the arbitrator are conflicting, according to which the powers assigned to the arbitrator to complete his mission and the principle of incompetence of the state judge in the conduct of an internal or international arbitration, become refutable. Submitted for review and in support of the State judge, the arbitral body and the arbitral award shall be incorporated into the judicial order. They must live together in the same legal atmosphere. The judge in this regard has the obligation to protect and respect the will of the parties, while ensuring the smooth conduct of the arbitral proceedings. In light of the new arbitration reforms in force in Quebec, France and several other states, the relationship between the courts and arbitration has evolved towards understanding, collaboration and complementarity. In addition, the legal texts and rules governing arbitral proceedings are of great importance in our presentation, as they contribute to the demonstration of these new reports. It is, in fact, the respect of the rules and the possibility for the parties to manipulate them that make the arbitration attractive. The purpose of this brief is to demonstrate the evolution of the relationship between the judge and the arbitrator in light of recent reforms in the law of Quebec arbitration in parallel with the law of French arbitration. Our strategy will be to identify the powers assigned to the state judge and to analyse the place reserved for the state judge in this procedure. Since it proves to be a valuable support for arbitration, it would be appropriate to redefine its place in this procedure, in order to dispel any misunderstandings that may have existed.
Accepted: 2021-01-25T19:24:38Z
Keywords: Arbitrage; Arbitragem; Arbitration; Arbitration Award; Arbitrator; Arbitre; Compétences exclusives; Compétences non exclusives; Courts; Division of jurisdiction; Exclusive jurisdiction; Juge étatique; Non-exclusive jurisdiction; Partage de compétences; Sentence arbitrale; State judge; Tribunaux judiciaires

O recurso à arbitragem no âmbito das sociedades comerciais : os conflitos societários internos - Vaz, Juliana Touro Cerejo Rabaça (Universidade Católica Portuguesa, 2020)
A presente dissertação tem como objetivo analisar, à luz do ordenamento jurídico português, a possibilidade e adequação do recurso ao instituto da arbitragem como meio de resolução dos litígios intrassocietários, isto é, os litígios emergentes das relações entre os sócios de uma sociedade, os resultantes das relações entre os sócios e a própria sociedade, ou ainda no âmbito das relações entre os sócios ou a sociedade per si e os titulares dos órgãos de administração ou de fiscalização da mesma. Para tal, foi inicialmente adotada uma perspetiva comparatística com outros ordenamentos jurídicos. Posteriormente, foi adotada uma abordagem expositiva, do instituto da arbitragem em Portugal, analisando inicialmente de um modo geral, especificando depois o propósito principal da presente dissertação – a arbitrabilidade dos litígios intrasocietários, nomeadamente o regime da convenção de arbitragem, do tribunal arbitral e da própria sentença arbitral. Avaliadas as vantagens e os inconvenientes do recurso à arbitragem enquanto meio de resolução alternativa de litígios, e a sua aplicabilidade aos litígios intrassocietários, tomando como referência a escassa regulamentação deste instituto neste domínio no nosso ordenamento jurídico, conclui-se a presente dissertação com uma proposta de regulamentação legal e outra estatutária da arbitragem dos referidos litígios intrasocietários.
Keywords: Arbitrage; Arbitragem; Arbitraje; Arbitration; Entreprises commerciales; Litige interne

The dispute board in international construction contracts - Nunziata, Martina (LUISS Guido Carli, 2020)
The dispute board as an alternative dispute resolution mechanism in international construction contracts. The functioning of the dispute board. Issues related to the legal nature and the enforcement of the final determination. Evaluation and familiarity with the mechanism of the dispute board. The Italian case and the distrust towards the development of "private justice systems".

Les politiques publiques face aux investissements directs étrangers en Afrique : étude comparée de la Namibie et de la République du Congo - Gavelle, Ophélia (Université de Montréal, 2020)
Ces vingt dernières années ont été marquées par des flux d’investissements directs étrangers (IDE) entre les économies mondialisées. L’Afrique reste cependant plus en marge que les autres régions. Cela peut s’expliquer par divers facteurs comme les ressources ou les politiques publiques. En effet, certains pays possèdent des politiques publiques envers les IDE plus ou moins réticentes. Ce présent travail se concentre sur les raisons qui amènent les pays à adopter ce type de politiques publiques. En m’appuyant sur l’approche britannique de Susan Strange et la méthode de la différence de Mills, je compare la République du Congo qui met en place des politiques incitatives envers les IDE et la Namibie dont les politiques publiques sont plus restreintes. D’une part, cette différence de politiques publiques envers les IDE s’explique par la colonisation et par les relations qu’ils ont avec leurs anciens pays coloniaux. D’autre part, les institutions internationales influencent aussi les comportements de ces deux pays dans leurs relations avec les investisseurs étrangers. Pour cette étude, je me suis concentrée sur l’ONU et le FMI. Celles-ci ont donc intensifié les comportements de ces pays vis-à-vis des IDE. These last twenty years were marked by flows of foreign direct investments (FDI) between globalized economies. The continent of Africa is more marginalized than other regions. It could be explained by various factors like resources or public policies. Indeed, several countries have public policies towards FDI more or less reluctant. This present paper is focused on why countries adopt this type of public policy. Based on Susan Strange’s British approach and Mills’ difference method, I compare the Republic of Congo, which has incentive policies for FDI and Namibia with public policies which are more limited. On the one hand, this difference in public policies towards FDI is explained by colonization and the relations they have with their former colonial countries. On the other hand, the international institutions also influence the behaviour of these two countries in their relations with foreign investors. For this study, I focused on the UN and the IMF. These have thus intensified the behaviour of these countries towards FDI.
Keywords: Africa; Afrique; Colonisation; Foreign direct investment; Institutions internationales; International institutions; Investissements; Investissements directs étrangers; Investments; Namibia; Namibie; Politiques publiques; Public policies; Republic of Congo; République du Congo; Settlement

La responsabilité sociale de l'entreprise - Cardoso, Carla (Institut National Universitaire Champollion, 2020)
La prise de conscience mondiale de la nécessité de promouvoir les nouveaux enjeux sociétaux et environnementaux a permis le renouveau du concept ancien connu sous l’expression de Responsabilité Sociale des Entreprises. Sujet se développant au gré des changements sociaux et de l’évolution des mœurs, l’étude de la RSE dans le cadre de ce mémoire a été appréhendée sur un double plan : notionnel par la délimitation du concept flou qu’elle représente puis juridictionnel par l’étude du régime et des règles en découlant. Dans un premier temps, il s’agit d’appréhender la définition qu’il est possible de retenir de la notion, de comprendre son étendue et les acteurs concernés par sa mise en place dans les entreprises. Dans un second temps, il faut étudier le régime juridique applicable à la RSE au travers de la cohabitation existante entre les règles de soft law dites non contraignantes et celles de hard law, c’est-à-dire coercitives. Le fil conducteur de cette étude est en effet de comprendre quels sont les enjeux sociaux et environnementaux existants à la mise en œuvre d’une Responsabilité sociale dans les entreprises aux différentes étapes de sa vie : création, gestion et restructuration. Se pose assez logiquement la question de savoir si les normes issues du concept de RSE ont un impact véritable sur les comportements et agissements des entreprises.
Keywords: Droit de l'environnement; Droit des affaires; Droit du travail; Développement durable; Entreprise; Hard law; Labour law; Parties prenantes; Responsabilité; Responsabilité Sociale de l'Entreprise; Soft law

Le secret dans la vie des affaires - Montrozier, Charlotte (Institut National Universitaire Champollion, 2020)
L’objet de ce mémoire de recherche dans le cadre du Master 1 Droit de l’entreprise à l’INU Champollion est de s’intéresser au « secret dans la vie des affaires ». Ce mémoire fait découvrir la notion de secret des affaires, notion prétorienne à son origine, qui n’était alors pas réglementée par le droit français. Cette problématique de consécration a fait l’objet de longs débats. Par la suite, cette notion de secret des affaires a fait l’objet d’une consécration européenne puis interne par la transposition de la directive par la loi du 30 juillet 2018. Désormais, le secret des affaires est défini à l’article L.151-1 du code de commerce. Cet événement marque alors une avancée majeure dans la protection de ce secret. Enfin, il s’est avéré judicieux de confronter la notion de secret des affaires à d’autres matières. Cette confrontation a montré que la conciliation pouvait être respectée dans son ensemble mais pas de manière absolue. La préservation est un idéal à atteindre mais celui-ci fait l’objet de tempéraments. De la sorte, il a fallu s’interroger sur la manière dont le droit interne envisage la protection du secret dans la vie des affaires. Comment un tel secret est protégé ? Qu’est ce qui a été mis en place pour garantir sa protection ? Sachant qu’un tel procédé alterne toujours entre protection et défaillance.
Keywords: Brevet; Droit d'auteur; Droit exclusif; Intellectual property; Intelligence économique; Liberté d'expression; Liberté de la presse; Propriedade intelectual; Propriété intellectuelle; Secret – Droit; Secret des affaires; Transparence de l'entreprise

دور البنوك التجارية في مكافحة عمليات غسيل الأموال - بومدين, نبية (Ibn Khaldun University of Tiaret, 2020)
تعتبر البنوك التجارية من أهم المحطات المالية التي تقوم بعمليات قبول الودائع ودفعها عند الإستحقاق كما تساهم في عملية خلق النقود بكميات كبيرة هذا ما جعلها الأكثر عرضة لجريمة غسيل الأموال والغاية من هذا هو معرفة كيف تكافح هذه البنوك لجريمة خطيرة مثل هذه والتي سادت كل العالم هذا ما أدى إلى دراستنا لهذا الموضوع الذي إعتمدنا فيه على المنهج الوصفي التحليلي و بالتالي عند دراستنا له توصلنا إلى مجموعة من النتائج تتجلى في معرفة الظاهرة بأنها ظاهرة خطيرة سريعة الإنتشار ،عرضة البنوك بهذه الظاهرة كونها تقوم بعدة عمليات ،وجوب على الدولة أن تكافح هذه الجريمة وذلك بوضع قوانين تشريعية تعاقب كل من قام بإرتكاب هذه الظاهرة الخطيرة. Commercial banks are considered one of the most important financial stations that carry out the processes of accepting and paying deposits at maturity and also contribute to the process of creating money in large quantities. This led to our study of this subject, in which we relied on the descriptive and analytical approach, and therefore upon our study of it, we reached a set of results that are evident in the knowledge of the phenomenon that it is a dangerous and rapidly spreading phenomenon. The banks are exposed to this phenomenon as they carry out several operations. Legislative laws punishing anyone who committed this dangerous phenomenon.
Keywords: Banques commerciales; Blanchiment d'argent; Système bancaire; البنوك التجارية; الجهاز المصرف; جريمة غسيل الاموال

L'arbitrato internazionale negli investimenti: focus sul sistema ICSID - Ricci, Antonio (LUISS Guido Carli, 2020)
Profili introduttivi. La nascita ed evoluzione dell'arbitrato internazionale in materia di investimenti: gli accordi precedenti ai BITs. L'arbitrato ICSID. La giurisdizione del centro: l'articolo 25 della convenzione ICSID. Il riconoscimento del lodo arbitrale straniero. L'esecuzione dei lodi arbitrali e l'impatto su di essi della sentenza Achmea. Considerazioni preliminari sul caso Achmea.

Essai d'ajustement des primes d'assurances facultés aux importations sur le marché camerounais - Abanda Beleck, Paul Siracide (Institut International des Assurances (IIA), 2020)

The choice of non-state law in international commercial contracts - Abdullah, Humaira (University of Johannesburg, 2020)
When a dispute arises in relation to an act, person or property that is connected to more than one country, such dispute is governed by the rules of private international law, more commonly referred to as the “conflict of laws”.1 The term conflict of laws essentially means that the dispute in question will be governed by the national law of a country while having a connection to a foreign country,2 and is relevant to this discussion as the election of non-state law is an important aspect found within private international law. In order to determine whether or not such laws may be applied, courts usually look at the conflict of laws rules of that particular country... LL.M. (International Commercial Law)
Keywords: Commercial law; Conflict of laws; Contracts (International law)

La blockchain dans les assurances maritimes - Alacusos, Catherine (Aix-Marseille Université, 2020)

Indicateurs prudentiels et mesure de l'activité d'une compagnie d'assurance non-vie : Cas de l'africaine des assurances du Benin - Alokpon, Jean Igmar Ulrich Misséni (Institut International des Assurances (IIA), 2020)

La protection juridique des créations culinaires - Ancejo, Paul (Université de Nantes, 2020)
Keywords: Intellectual property; Propriedade intelectual; Propriété intellectuelle

Impact de la réassurance sur le résultat technique d'une compagnie d'assurance IARD : Cas de SAHAM assurance Cote D'Ivoire - Assemian, Essoi Blaise (Institut International des Assurances (IIA), 2020)

La protection contre la cybercriminalité dans l'industrie maritime - Bansard, David (Aix-Marseille Université, 2020)

L'indemnisation des sinistrés corporels automobiles : Cas de allianz Congo - Basseha, Laugh Strecher (Institut International des Assurances (IIA), 2020)

L'influence de la politique de réassurance des filiales étrangères sur le développement de la coassurance dans un pays de la CIMA : Cas du Niger - Boubacar Kondo, Ibrahim (Institut International des Assurances (IIA), 2020)

La propulsion velique et le commerce maritime - Bourgeois, Charline (Aix-Marseille Université, 2020)

Cybersécurité et cyber-résilience du transport aérien - Bouterbiat, Houssama (Aix-Marseille Université, 2020)

La surveillance du portefeuille et le pilotage de la performance d'une compagnie d'assurance IARD en zone CIMA : cas de SAHAM IARD Bénin - Cakpo, Alain Yatondé (Institut International des Assurances (IIA), 2020)

L’adaptation des États et des compagnies maritimes face au Brexit - Carabournis, Sophie (Aix-Marseille Université, 2020)

Le transport de riz par voie maritime - Castera, Delphine (Aix-Marseille Université, 2020)

Caracterização de um ecossistema de empreendedorismo em economias menos desenvolvidos : o caso de Bissau - Correia, Germen Benjamim (Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 2020)
Esse trabalho se propôs caracterizar o ecossistema de empreendedorismo em economias menos desenvolvidas, em especial, na cidade de Bissau (Guiné-Bissau). As abordagens do empreendedorismo estão ganhando muita força no mundo inteiro em diversos segmentos do mercado, principalmente, no sentido de promoção e crescimento de novos negócios. Ainda enfatiza diferentes elementos interconectados que fazem parte do desenvolvimento do ecossistema. Na realidade, dos países menos desenvolvidos, principalmente nas economias africanas, o tema torna-se mais essencial quando o assunto é o emprego e crescimento econômico, apesar de escassez dos estudos sobre ecossistema de empreendedorismo no continente. Visto que a maioria da atividade empreendedora ainda concentra parte da informalidade e com dificuldades de estruturas para o seu crescimento. Soma-se a isso, diversos fatores como instabilidade política, falta de incentivo ao empreendedorismo, e entre outros, como algo desfavorável para o seu desenvolvimento no continente. Nesse sentido, a cidade de Bissau não passa despercebida como outro países da África quanto esses fatores. Por esse motivo, em busca de melhor solução para desenvolvimento de empreendedorismo na África, tendo a capital de Guiné-Bissau como estudo de caso, procura responder a seguinte pergunta: Como se estrutura o ecossistema de empreendedorismo de Bissau? Para esta resposta, foram selecionados empreendedores e especialista de área, como forma de vislumbrar melhor resultado e conhecimento a respeito do tema. Para isso, utilizou-se o modelo do Isenberg (2011), que considerou seis domínios inter-relacionados como: Políticas Públicas, Capital Financeiro, Instituição de Suporte, Cultura, Recursos Humano e Mercado como essencial para o desenvolvimento de ecossistema de empreendedorismo. A coleta de dados ocorreu nos períodos de setembro de 2019 a junho de 2020 por via Skype, gravada automática e, posteriormente, transcritas uma a uma com o intuito de compreender os dados na sua plenitude. O resultado aponta os pilares Instituição de Suporte e Mercado como mais influentes no ecossistema de empreendedorismo. Ambos esses pilares apoiam e incentivam o empreendedorismo de Bissau. Em quanto isso, os pilares que envolvem o capital financeiro e recursos humanos são apontados como pilares que necessitam ser desenvolvidas dentro do ambiente empreendedor de Bissau. Referente ás Políticas Públicas, o ecossistema sofre com a falta de Leis e incentivos do governo, voltado ao campo de empreendedorismo.
Keywords: Bissau; Ecosystem; Empreendedorismo; Entrepreneurship; Guiné-Bissau; Less developed economies; Países em desenvolvimento

La question de la requalification des Conventions de terminal - Delauney-Rissetto, Paul (Aix-Marseille Université, 2020)

La sûreté des navires - Demaie, Anne-Gaëlle (Aix-Marseille Université, 2020)

Etude juridique des risques engendrés par l'épave de navire - Denis, Solenn (Université de Bretagne Occidentale, 2020)

Les enjeux de la reconversion d'une base aérienne en un aéroport exclusivement civil : l'exemple de la BA 705 de Tours - Desclos Le Peley, Pauline (Aix-Marseille Université, 2020)

The development of the parol evidence rule and its impact on the interpretation and drafting of contracts - Dhlamini, Tshogofatso Elisa (University of Johannesburg, 2020)
Please refer to full text to view abstract. LL.M. (Commercial Law)

Contribution du contrôle de la gestion à la rentabilité d'une société d'assurance IARD : Cas de l'africaine des assurances du Bénin - Djadja, Béringer Giovanni (Institut International des Assurances (IIA), 2020)

Problématique de l'agrément unique dans la zone CIMA - Doassem, Serge Tanguy (Institut International des Assurances (IIA), 2020)

Relation entre économie et assurance : Cas du marché malien - Dramé, Alassane (Institut International des Assurances (IIA), 2020)

politique de réassurance d'une compagnie d'assurance et son impact sur le résultat de réassurance : cas de Chanas assurances S.A - Fouata, Collins (Institut International des Assurances (IIA), 2020)

Peut-on affirmer comme certains que, le code CIMA est plus protecteur des intermédiaires des assureurs que ceux des victimes? - Fouroux, Christ samétone (Institut International des Assurances (IIA), 2020)

Analyse de la politique de gestion de l'assurance des risques d'entreprises : cas d'allianz Côte d'Ivoire assurance vie - Gauze, Brice Parfait (Institut International des Assurances (IIA), 2020)

A critical discussion of the affected parties in business rescue proceedings - Gayadin, Kashmita (University of KwaZulu-Natal, 2020)
Abstract available in PDF.
Keywords: Companies Act 71 of 2008; Creditors; Financially distressed companies; Shareholders

La surveillance du portefeuille et le pilotage de la performance d'une compagnie d'assurance IARD en zone CIMA - Gaye, Abibou (Institut International des Assurances (IIA), 2020)

Surestaries : du contrat d'affrètement au voyage au contrat de transport - Gourbeyre, Héloïse (Aix-Marseille Université, 2020)

Les enjeux de la modification de l'article 329-3 du code CIMA relatif au relèvement du capital social des sociétés anonymes d'assurance : Le cas de la Centrafrique - Goyo, Cédric Bertrand (Institut International des Assurances (IIA), 2020)

La cession légale de la CICA-Ré au premier franc, quelle implications pour les différents acteurs de l'assurance et de la réassurance en zone CIMA - Hadinko, Hubert (Institut International des Assurances (IIA), 2020)

Optimisation de la bancassurance en zone CIMA : Le cas du Togo - Hotodoufio, Dosseh (Institut International des Assurances (IIA), 2020)

Introduction au droit maritime japonais - Imassi, Marie (Aix-Marseille Université, 2020)

Analyse et appréciation technique d'un programme de réassurance non vie - Kandanga, Takpa (Institut International des Assurances (IIA), 2020)

Les défis et enjeux des compagnies d'assurances face à la digitalisation : Cas de SAAR-TCHAD - Kolotou Hamid, Issa (Institut International des Assurances (IIA), 2020)

Amélioration de la politique de souscription des affaires facultatives dans la branche maritime et transports d'une société de réassurance : Cas de continental Re-Bureau d'Abidjan (Côte d'Ivoire) - Kotia, Valéry Florent (Institut International des Assurances (IIA), 2020)

Valeur client, un atout indispensable pour accéder à la disposition de leader du marché : cas d'allianz Côte d'Ivoire assurance vie - Kouame M'bra, Jean-Marie (Institut International des Assurances (IIA), 2020)

The law applicable to liability arising from the use of selfdriving cars in the wake of the Fourth Industrial Revolution : a global comparative analysis - Kyeremateng, Joshua Godwin (University of Johannesburg, 2020)
This study explores the liability associated with the use of autonomous vehicles. With the increase in efforts by automobile industries to manufacture driverless cars, the issue of liability occupies the front seat of the discussion. A major benefit of autonomous and connected vehicles is their potential to ameliorate, if not eradicate, avoidable accidents on roads. Currently, it is estimated that 90% of road accidents are caused by human error. The epoch of driverless vehicles, where the narrative will drastically change, is upon us. This means a shift away from human liability to machine liability, since these technologies have in-built algorithms to ensure autonomous decisions by the vehicle. Product liability becomes crucial in the wake of driverless cars. The gradual and ultimate shift of liability from the traditional human driver to the machine ‘driver’ coupled with the cross-border sale of driverless vehicles provide justification for scholarly attention. Accidents may now be attributed to technological error and not human mistake. Conflict of law issues become central in instances where manufacturers and users live in different parts of the world... LL.M. (International Commercial Law)
Keywords: Automated vehicles; Commercial law; International law; Products liability

La pratique du risk management dans les compagnies de réassurance de la zone CIMA : cas de la société commerciale gabonaise de réassurance (SCG-Ré) - Lembe Nanda, Grâce Ornélia (Institut International des Assurances (IIA), 2020)

la gestion de la branche maladie au sein de SAAR Sénégal : Etat des lieux et perspectives - Leye, Youssoupha (Institut International des Assurances (IIA), 2020)

The role of the Southern African Development Community (SADC) and the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) in facilitating continental integration - Luthuli, Isaac (University of KwaZulu-Natal, 2020)
The dissertation examines the role the Southern African Development Community (SADC) and the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) can play in facilitating the political and economic convergence of the African Union (AU) member states. The developmental challenges facing Africa in spite of its wealth of human and natural resources is poignant. The genesis of this problem can be traced to the history of colonialism and the wave of independence in the continent in the late 1950s. Arguments have been put forward to suggest that one of the most viable ways of promoting Africa’s development is by developing and promoting intra-continental trade which can be possible through continental integration. The specific areas reviewed are regional stability and how intra-regional trade and investment is used to promote economic convergence. Africa's need for political and economic integration at a continental level is further sustained by the assumption that neocolonialism can be blamed for the weakness of structures in African states. Some scholars agree on the idea that regionalisation is often seen to offer a possibility to respond to the challenges of globalization. This impact nevertheless is dependent on the relation between globalisation and regional sentiment. Regional integration implies a form of interdependence among nation-states. Such interdependence leads to an establishment of regional integration arrangements between sovereign states within a geographical space. These agreements are shaped formally and there is a commitment to work together in order to realise political and socio-economic benefits. This study maintains that in order to achieve effective integration of the continent, Nigeria and South Africa as case studies, as continental giants have a key role to play to this end and as members of ECOWAS and SADC respectively. It is argued here that both the SADC and ECOWAS as sub-continental blocks have made some notable and commendable progress in developing policies for trade liberalization and economic integration, this, however, is not enough as such policies are also pertinent at a continental level. The study found that SADC and ECOWAS as regional blocks can play a role in aiding the continent to achieve a trade liberalization to achieve continental economic development.
https://researchspace.ukzn.ac.za/handle/10413/18708
Keywords: African integration; ECOWAS; Economic Development; Economic convergence; Integration; Intra-continental trade; SADC

The role of the locus contractus as a connecting factor in common-law private international law of contract - Madziwa, Cuthbert Simbarashe (University of Johannesburg, 2020)
Global trade has consistently been on an upward trajectory over the past few decades. In 2001, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) estimated that over the course of the previous twenty (20) years world trade had grown at an average rate of six (6) percent per annum, double as fast as world output.1 A substantial component of global trade consists of cross-border transactions. It was projected that between 2010 and 2022, the number of global transactions would double from three (3) to six (6) trillion per year.2 These volumes of global trade naturally entail an enormous number of cross-border commercial contracts, which often result in disputes over defective goods or services, payment or, delays... LL.M. (International Commercial Law)
Keywords: Commercial Law; International law

Balancing the rights of creditors and consumers when a home is sold in execution: what procedures should be followed? - Mazubane, Zamanguni Sithabile (University of KwaZulu-Natal, 2020)
The sale in execution of theprimary residence of a consumer has numerous implications. This is especially in light of section 26 of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996(‘Constitution’) which gives people the right to adequate housing and to not be arbitrarily evicted from their homes. The enactment of the National Credit Act 34 of 2005(‘NCA’) which aimsto balance the rights of creditors and consumers also impacted the procedure to sell homes in execution. In particular, section 129 of the NCA has pre-enforcement procedures whilst section 130 allows credit agreements to be reinstated if consumers can pay the overdue amounts and other costs in full. In addition, amendments were made tothe Magistrates’Court Rules and the Uniform Rules of Court regarding the sale of consumers’homes.The new requirements introduced by the NCA and procedures introduced by thecourt rules resulted in a great deal of confusion with different courts and judges adopting different approaches. Eventually, several matters which sought to sell consumers’homes in execution were heard in Absa Bank v Mokebe and Related Matters 2018 (6) SA 492 (GJ)(‘Mokebe case’). Van der Linde Jofthe Gauteng Local Division of the High Court, used the power granted in section 14(1)(b) of the Superior Courts Act 10 of 2013 to, in consultation with the Judge President, discontinue the hearing of the matters before him and refer the mattersto the full bench of the Division.In essence, the court held that a uniform approach must be taken by the judges of this Division regarding how they handle foreclosure matters. This thesis investigates the procedure that creditors should follow before they are entitled to sell consumers’ homesin execution. In order to do this, this thesis will examinethe Constitution, NCA, court rules, practice notesand case law. More specifically, the persons that are the focusof the investigation are creditors that have a security right in the form of a mortgage bond over the home,versus consumers who have become overindebted and are no longer able to meet their obligations under the loan agreement that was entered into with the creditors. There cent landmark Mokebe case is examined in depth to determine what the current law is and how it can be improved.Furthermore, the effect of the Mokebe case inother High Court Divisions in the country will be briefly discussed.Lastly, this thesis sets out what consumers can do to prevent their homes being sold on publicauction especially after they default in their payments. This thesis will show that the procedure to sell homes in execution has drastically changed from the pre-constitutional to the current constitutional dispensation. However, it is submitted that the procedures can still be improved upon. This is because the right to adequate housing is an important socio-economic right which has been undervalued and overlooked. The courts have previously allowed execution of homes without considering the circumstances of consumers. The court rules allowed for this as the contractual rights of creditors were held at a higher standard than the socio-economic rights of consumers. It is argued that in the light of the NCA and its aims, there must be an appropriate balancing of the rights of creditors and consumers to create just outcomes. If we are to truly create a society based on ‘human dignity, the achievement of equality and the advancement of human rights and freedoms’ as expressed in the founding values of South Africa’s Constitution and reiterated to a large extent in the NCA; foreclosure laws must also reflect that vision.
Keywords: Consumers; Creditors; Execution; Foreclosure; Human dignity; Mortgage bond; National Credit Act 34 of 2005

A critical analysis of the subcontractor’s builder’s lien - Mdletshe, Sithandiwe Samukelisiwe (University of KwaZulu-Natal, 2020)
This research paper looks at the South African common law right to lien as it currently stands as the only compensatory remedy for a construction subcontractor in the event of non-payment by the main contractor. The nature and scope of the builder’s lien in this regard will be analysed and its limitations will be highlighted. Accordingly, having critically considered a potential alternative remedy, an unjustified enrichment claim, for the subcontractor, this research paper will illustrate that there is insufficient protection for an unpaid subcontractor in our legal system. Hence, there is a need for our common law builder’s lien to be developed into a statutory builder’s lien. An analysis of foreign jurisdictions legal position, in particular Canadian law, with regard to the construction subcontractor and the right to lien as a remedy has a commendable statutory measure in place to assist a subcontractor by attempting to prevent such a financial predicament and if it nonetheless still occurs, that in the event of non-payment, the subcontractor is adequately protected. This research project proposes that our legal system should take influence from the Canadian legal system and be developed in accordance with our legal framework in order for construction subcontractors to also have sufficient and effective protection under our legal system.
Keywords: Builder’s lien; Contract; Liability; Subcontractor; Unjustified enrichment

Nécessité de création d'une fonction conformité dans les entreprises d'assurance de la zone CIMA : cas de l'UAB assurances-IARDT - Metomane Hein, Aambèkpur Aubin (Institut International des Assurances (IIA), 2020)

The impact of cryptocurrencies on the general powers and duties of insolvency practitioners - Naidoo, Sidasha (University of Johannesburg, 2020)
Please refer to full text to view abstract. LL.M. (Commercial Law)

La détection et la gestion des cumuls d'engagements dans une compagnie de réassurance : Cas de la SEN RE - Ndiaye, Mamadou (Institut International des Assurances (IIA), 2020)

La gestion des recours relatifs aux sinistrés automobiles : Cas de NSIA assurances Gabon - Ndongo Mombo, Jacelyn Idriss (Institut International des Assurances (IIA), 2020)

Optimisation du cout de la réassurance dans une compagnie d'assurance - Ngoumela, Roméo (Institut International des Assurances (IIA), 2020)

Déterminants de la sortie anticipée des contrats d'assurance vie - Nguelbe, Alex (Institut International des Assurances (IIA), 2020)

The implication of the moratorium on lease agreements in business rescue - Nqwata, Sibahle (University of Johannesburg, 2020)
The purpose of the Companies Act1 is, amongst others, to “provide for the efficient rescue and recovery of financially distressed companies, in a manner that balances the rights and interests of all relevant stakeholders.”2 Business rescue means facilitating the rehabilitation of a financially distressed company by providing temporary supervision of the company, a temporary moratorium on legal proceedings against the company in business rescue and the development and implementation of the business rescue plan.3 As a result of the moratorium, the legal proceedings against the company may only be instituted with the consent of the business rescue practitioner or with the leave of the court.4 Thus, the moratorium is the cornerstone of business rescue as it provides a company with an opportunity to operate on a solvent basis.
Keywords: Contracts; South Africa; commercial law

Pratique de la réassurance en zone CIMA et la problématique du comportement des acteurs Assurés, réassureurs, assureurs, courtiers. : Cas du marché congolais - Okana Obossi, Moise (Institut International des Assurances (IIA), 2020)

A critical assessment of freedom of choice of law in international commercial contracts - Raissa, Kalenga Kalubi (University of Johannesburg, 2020)
Please refer to full text to view abstract. LL.M. (International Commercial Law)
Keywords: Commercial law; Contracts (International law); Foreign trade regulation

How will the information regulator manage and control advancements in technology to minimise its adverse effects on the protection of personal information? - Ramcharan, Sarika (University of KwaZulu-Natal, 2020)
No abstract provided.
Keywords: Data protection; POPIA; Personal information; Privacy infringements; Privacy protection; Protection of Personal Information Act; Right to privacy; Technology and privacy

La crise migratoire en Méditerranée appréhendée par le droit maritime - Ranchain, Emma (Aix-Marseille Université, 2020)

Le sauvetage de la vie humaine en mer - Rincon, Clémence (Aix-Marseille Université, 2020)

La société civile immobilière comme mode de gestion et transmission du patrimoine. La société civile immobilière est-elle un bon outil de gestion et transmission du patrimoine ? - Servant, Elsa (Université de Grenoble, 2020)
Les sociétés civiles immobilières sont des structures courantes qui attire désormais de nombreux particuliers possédant des biens immobiliers dans leur patrimoine. L’intérêt de ce type de société est d’optimiser la location de ses biens, la fiscalité qui leur est associée mais également la transmission de ceux-ci à leurs descendants. Cependant, cette recherche de l’optimisation fiscale nécessite de certaines connaissances comptables et fiscales afin de ne pas faire d’erreurs qui pourront causer des préjudices et réduire cet optimum. Ce mémoire détaille les modalités auxquelles les sociétés civiles immobilières seront confrontées dans le but d’optimiser les coûts de fonctionnement et les frais de transmission.
Keywords: Gestion patrimoniale; Impôts; Investissements; Optimisation fiscale; Plus-value; Société civile immobilière; Transmission patrimoniale

La gestion de l'assurance maladie dans une compagnie d'assurance : Cas de la caisse nouvelle d'assurance et de réassurance CNAR - Sidibe, Housseny (Institut International des Assurances (IIA), 2020)

L'expérience d'une codification à l'échelle supranationale : Réflexions sur les forces et faiblesses du code CIMA - Signe, Jocelyne Linda Mafo (Institut International des Assurances (IIA), 2020)

Obligations précontractuelles et responsabilité du courtier d'assurances maritimes - Silue, Kabeytio Stéphanie M. (Université de Lille, 2020)

L'assureur IARD devant juridictions étatiques : Contexte nigérien - Soumana, Abdoulaye (Institut International des Assurances (IIA), 2020)

Analyse de l'activité et de la solvabilité d'une compagnie d'assurance non-vie : cas de les assurances Bleues-CNAR - Sylla, Hamet (Institut International des Assurances (IIA), 2020)

Rôle de l'expert maritime dans la répartition des responsabilités en cas d'avaries particulières sur marchandises - Teme, Oumar (Institut International des Assurances (IIA), 2020)

Elaboration d'un manuel de contrôle interne d'une compagnie d'assurance cas de la d'atlanta Côte D'Ivoire non vie - Traoré, Souleymane (Institut International des Assurances (IIA), 2020)

La relation des parties intervenant dans le cadre de l'affrètement au voyage : Illustration à travers la charte partie Synacomex - Vedrenne, Lou (Aix-Marseille Université, 2020)

Complexité de l'assurance de responsabilité civile professionnelle : Cas des entreprises de sécurité privée - Zongo, Mathieu (Institut International des Assurances (IIA), 2020)

L'introduction des entreprises à la Bourse régionale des Valeurs Mobilières (BRVM) dans la zone UEMOA : cas de la Société Ivoirienne de Banque (SIB) - Fegbo, Ahonon Emmanuella Ines; Fassoukoye, Safi (Université Mouloud Mammeri, 2019)
Cette étude a pour objectif de connaitre les différentes étapes de l’introduction à la Bourse régionale des valeurs mobilières (BRVM) en tant que place financière régionale de l’UEMOA, régulé par le conseil régional de l’Epargne Publique et des marchés financiers. Pour atteindre cet objectif, nous avons émaillés l’organisation du marché financier dans une approche visant à définir les différents intervenants et leur rôle. Ensuite, nous avons analysés l’activité boursière du marché. Les indicateurs de performance principalement relevés sont le rendement, la liquidité, le volume de transactions et le risque du marché. Le potentiel de la BRVM est encore à exploiter au regard de l’activité économique de la sous-région. Toutefois, le dynamisme du marché boursier est intéressant surtout du fait qu’il offre un rendement intéressant auprès des intéressés. Nous avons soumis les différents indicateurs du marché à une analyse comparative de son évolution à l’échelle des Bourses africaines, afin d’évaluer son degré d’attractivité. Nous recommandons des ajustements sur les différents points relevés visant l’essor de la place financière de la BRVM tout en démontrons les résultats de notre recherche.
Keywords: BRVM; Banque; Bourse; Bourse régionale; Indices boursiers; Marché financier

Registro de garantias mobiliárias: uma proposta para sua modernização - Bodini, Constanza (Escola de Direito de São Paulo, 2019)
Esta dissertação apresenta um panorama geral e atualizado do funcionamento do sistema de registro de garantias sobre bens móveis no Brasil. Ao longo da pesquisa, pudemos comprovar que o fato de as pequenas e médias empresas pouco usarem bens móveis como garantia para obter crédito se deve, entre outros fatores, à complexidade de seu registro. Além disso, verificamos a dificuldade de estudar o sistema registral em virtude da falta de uma lista de garantias mobiliárias centralizada em um corpo normativo e de um registro exclusivo de operações com garantias mobiliárias (que são registradas tanto pelo Registro de Títulos e Documentos como pelo de Imóveis e pelos especiais) e da existência de normas discrepantes quanto aos elementos fundamentais que compõem o regime de direito de garantias mobiliárias, dependendo do tipo da garantia utilizada. Entre os principais desafios encontrados ao analisar o sistema registral, destacamos os registros feitos em papel, a falta de centralização e interoperabilidade entre os registros, a burocracia desnecessária e o alto custo do registro. Em busca de respostas que concorram para aprimorar o ambiente legal no Brasil, apresentamos os sistemas de registro propostos pela Lei Modelo Interamericana sobre Garantias Mobiliárias da OEA, aprovada em 2002, pela Lei Modelo sobre Garantias Mobiliárias da UNCITRAL, aprovada em 2016, pela Convenção sobre Garantias Internacionais Incidentes sobre Equipamentos Móveis e pelo Protocolo à Convenção sobre Garantias Internacionais sobre Incidentes sobre Equipamentos Móveis Relativo a Questões Específicas ao Equipamento Aeronáutico, firmados na Cidade do Cabo em 2001 e ratificados pelo Brasil em 2013, e pelo Protocolo MAC (mineração, agricultura e construção). Concluímos que é preciso modernizar o sistema registral para torná-lo centralizado, eletrônico e de baixo custo. Nesse contexto, sugerimos a implementação de um registro central criado por Lei Federal e idealmente administrado por um ente privado sob concessão pública. Consideramos que, no que tange ao registro eletrônico, não é preciso nenhuma alteração legislativa, mas apenas melhorias práticas para superar obstáculos operacionais. Por fim, a implementação de um registro eletrônico e centralizado simplificará os processos e reduzirá os custos.
Keywords: Contracts; Contratos; Credit; Crédito; Garantias mobiliárias; Pequenas e médias empresas; Registro; Registry; SMEs; Secured transactions; Small and medium enterprises

How do big data and data analytics impact the external audit ? A critical analysis - Heck, Natascha (Université de Liège, 2019)
The aim of this research is to determine how the application of Big Data and Data Analytics techniques influences the external audit. The impact on the working methods and the audit quality is discussed. Furthermore, the technological maturity of the Belgian and Luxembourgish audit industry is analysed. Therefore, the following research questions are asked: How do Big Data and Data Analytics influence the audit working method? What is the impact of Big Data and Data Analytics on the audit quality? How is the audit risk identification and assessment phase influenced? Which audit risks can be identified? Which tools and techniques do the Belgian and Luxembourgish auditors use and where do they stand? In order to answer the research question, scientific articles were analysed in the context of the literature review. Subsequently, a case study was carried out. Interviews with experts in Belgium and Luxembourg were conducted. The results of the research show that there is high potential to use these technologies in audit. Nevertheless, it is also connected with initial investments and a certain agreement of the clients. There is high potential to enhance the auditor’s effectiveness and efficiency, but the complete impact cannot yet be analysed. The audit quality can be enhanced when qualitative analyses generates audit evidence based on high quality data. The Belgian and Luxembourgish audit industry has just started implementing the technologies.
Keywords: Audit; Big Data; Data Analytics; External Audit

The power of will and choice of law in international contracts - Dazzi, Pietro Giulio (LUISS Guido Carli, 2019)
Party autonomy and sovereignty. Historical developments on party autonomy, the evolution of choice of law. The freedom of choice. The freedom not to choose, absence of choice. Limits to the freedom of choice. Limits to the freedom of choice, an expression of sovereignty. Same functions, different results.

A critical analysis of the effectiveness of the business rescue regime as a mechanism for corporate rescue - Bagwandeen, Kiren Kesh (University of KwaZulu-Natal, 2019)
Almost eight years after the enactment of the business rescue regime under the Companies Act 71 of 2008, and a plethora of judgments which have probed and prodded its provisions, it is an opportune time to ascertain whether the business rescue regime is an effective corporate rescue mechanism suitable to the modern day demands of the South African economy. In the current economic downturn, South Africa can ill afford a repeat show of the failed judicial management system. It requires a modern and effective corporate rescue mechanism that can be utilised in appropriate circumstances as a viable alternative and not merely a precursor to liquidation. This dissertation seeks to provide a critical analysis of the effectiveness of the business rescue regime to ascertain its worthiness as a corporate rescue mechanism.
Keywords: Bankruptcy; Business failures; Corporation law; Insolvency; South Africa

A Comparative Study of ECOWAS and ECCAS towards Implementation of the Abuja Treaty - Nyasembi, Kevin Selassie (University Of Ghana, 2019)
The Abuja Treaty is the blueprint and reference point for continental-level economic integration that was first established in 1991 to see to the creation of an African Economic Community (AEC). The Treaty acknowledges that, the African continent, as a unified unit of countries, wields immense power in the international system, in terms of trade and political influence, and thus it seeks to bring to fruition a highly integrated Africa. This study strives to evaluate the progress made on the implementation of the Treaty Establishing the African Economic Community (AEC) by comparing two regional blocs, the Economic Community of Central African States (ECCAS) and the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), which serve as 2 of 8 building blocks for the realisation of the AEC. Accordingly, the research method used was qualitative and employed a purposive sampling method that draws on the selection of experts in the field of regional integration to shape the outcome of the study. The research findings include the fact that regional integration, on the continent, has progressed positively although it manifests slowly. Additionally, it found that both the ECOWAS and the ECCAS have progressed in terms of the implementation of the stages of the Abuja Treaty, although the former surpasses the latter in this regard. Yet, in spite of their progress, both RECs have faced challenges unique to their regions. ECOWAS for instance faces the problem of inability to completely enforce protocols on free movement of persons. The lack of national implementation of free movement legislation creates avenues for its ineffectiveness. Border checks are commonplace and there is very little standardization of official forms. ECCAS on the other hand faces a problem of overlapping goals and ideas with CEMAC as well as the failure of member states to carry out agreed decisions within their states due to issues such as conflict and instability in the region. On a whole, the study refutes the common idea that the Abuja Treaty has not been implemented at all but only sees its implementation as slow-paced.

L’implication de la norme IFRS 9 dans l’évaluation du risque de crédit - Bouabdellah, Abderraouf (Ecole supérieure de Commerce, 2019)
Suite aux diverses mutations qu’a connu le monde économique et financier ces dernières années et qui ont fortement grevé l’activité bancaire, le risque de crédit s’est distingué des autres risques bancaires, et s’est imposé comme étant le centre des préoccupations de toute banque désireuse de rester compétitive. Une attention toute particulière doit lui être accordée et ce en raison des conséquences graves qu’il peut produire. La crise financière de 2008 a mis en exergue les déficiences du mode de provisionnement prôné par la norme IAS 39, ayant été caractérisé de tardive et de pro-cyclique. Pour ces raisons, l’IASB a publié la version finale de la norme IFRS 9 en 2014, mais son application a commencé en 2018. cette norme exige des banques de constituer des provisions pour pertes même pour les crédits sains. Elle introduit aussi une nouvelle logique de classification et d’évaluation des actifs financiers. L’objectif de cette étude est de mettre en évidence la manière dont le risque de crédit est évalué, ainsi que la constatation des provisions conformément à la norme IFRS 9.

The models of attribution in the establishment of corporate liability revisited - Heese, Francisca Alida (Stellenbosch University, 2019)
The separate legal personality of a company is one of the cornerstones of modern corporate law. Nevertheless, due to the artificial nature of a company it has no inherent moral blameworthiness necessary to impose corporate liability. With a rise in corporate wrongdoing, there is a need to hold companies liable. Therefore, certain models of attribution have developed whereby the conduct and will of a corporate actor can be imputed to the company to establish corporate liability. Especially in the realm of corporate criminal liability, these models of attribution have played a pivotal role to establish corporate wrongdoing. The two broad theories underlying the models of attribution are the fiction and realist theories respectively. The directing minds doctrine or identification doctrine and the vicarious liability model are traditionally associated with the fiction theory, which is rooted in the abstract nature of a company. Whether the traditional models of attribution are suited for complex modern organisational structures, is explored in this thesis, whilst a more functional and realistic approach to corporate liability is proposed. Often the question of “what is a corporation” has overshadowed the determination of corporate liability, thus a more contextual analysis based on law and economics is proposed to ensure corporate liability. The development of the rules of attribution through case law illustrate the importance of a purposive approach to establishing corporate liability. Furthermore, the underlying relationship between the rules of attribution and the rules of agency indicate that the interests of risk-bearers and managers are not always aligned and should be redressed. Moreover, a realist approach as opposed to the fictional approach to attribution has been developed in English and Australian law. This approach focuses on the overarching corporate culture and identity when determining corporate fault, instead of individual corporate actors. These regulatory frameworks provide an alternative approach to the current South African model, which is based on the fiction theory. Lastly, the economic considerations, such as the separation of ownership and control and the agency problem, are evaluated to determine whether the current models of attribution create an economically efficient outcome or an unsustainable a risk-taking environment.
Keywords: Corporate culture; Corporate liability; Corporation law

La notion d'intérêt social dans l'AUSCGIE révisé - Diawara, Moussa (Université Assane Seck de Ziguinchor, 2019)

L'administration de la preuve en arbitrage international au regard des règles de l'International Bar Association ainsi que des règles de Prague - Gommé, Laurence (Université de Liège, 2019)
Ce travail traite principalement de l’administration de la preuve en arbitrage international. Cette question divise les praticiens du monde arbitral en deux camps : ceux issus de la tradition de common law et ceux issus de la tradition de civil law. Dans un premier temps, les règles de l’International Bar Association relatives à l’administration de la preuve ont tenté de concilier ces deux traditions juridiques différentes. Dans un second temps, les règles de Prague ont, récemment, été publiées ce qui nous permettra, dans ce travail, d’analyser les deux systèmes pour ensuite les comparer. Enfin, nous essayerons d’envisager l’avenir de ces nouvelles règles de Prague.
Keywords: Arbitrage; Civil law; Common law; Preuve; Production de documents; Règles de Prague; Règles de l'IBA; Soft law

L'intervention du juge étatique dans le cadre des mesures provisoires ou conservatoires en présence d'une convention d'arbitrage : analyse du droit belge - Sabatini, Fiona (Université de Liège, 2019)
L’arbitrage, en tant que justice privée, s’entend comme un mode de règlement des différends tant alternatif qu’antagoniste de la justice étatique. Dépourvu d’imperium, l’arbitre peut nécessiter le soutien et la coopération du juge pour traiter une procédure arbitrale. Divers droits contemporains de l’arbitrage envisagent explicitement le recours aux mesures provisoires et conservatoires lors d’un arbitrage interne ou international sans nécessairement apporter une définition de ces mesures. En matière d’arbitrage, les mesures provisoires et conservatoires détiennent un rôle capital préalablement ou durant l’instance arbitrale. Elles permettent le maintien d’une preuve, d’une situation de fait ou de droit et garantissent ou préparent une exécution efficiente et rapide de la sentence. La réunion dans le chef de l’arbitre de la compétence au fond et celle au provisoire peut être défavorable aux intérêts des parties, notamment lorsque le tribunal arbitral n’est pas encore saisi. Dès lors, prenant en considération les particularités de l’arbitrage et plus particulièrement du déroulement du procès arbitral, l’intervention du juge est indispensable pour résoudre temporairement une urgence sur le fondement de l’apparence d’un droit afin de conférer une force exécutoire aux décisions de l’arbitre. Le tribunal arbitral n’est pas seul à décerner ces mesures. Il est subséquemment légitime de se questionner sur la position du juge au sujet des mesures provisoires et conservatoires lors d’un arbitrage. Après analyse des diverses dispositions du Code de l’arbitrage, il résulte que le législateur met un point d’honneur à orchestrer la relation entre l’arbitre et le juge étatique. Pour ce faire, il opte pour une distribution de compétences entre le juge du provisoire et l’arbitre, une sorte de répartition qui implique un retrait de la compétence exclusive de l’arbitre en termes de mesures provisoires et conservatoires. Aussi, délibérément choisi par les parties, l’arbitre prononce le droit, mais sa décision est dénuée d’imperium. C’est la raison pour laquelle le recours au juge étatique est indispensable afin de soutenir sa décision. En matière de mesures provisoires et conservatoires, la compétence du juge judiciaire est à la fois partagée avec l’arbitre, mais aussi exclusive.

Choice of law in International Commercial contracts in the BRICS countries - Agbeko, Fafa Delight (University of Johannesburg, 2019)
Please refer to full text to view abstract. LL.M. (International Commercial Law)

Rethinking international employment contracts in the wake of the Fourth Industrial Revolution - Antwi-Larbi, Nana Amobea (University of Johannesburg, 2019)
Please refer to full text to view abstract. LL.M. (International Commercial Law)

Choice of forum in International Commercial Contracts : a comparison of the position in Ghana and under the Brussels IBIS regulation - Asante-Aboagye, Benedicta (University of Johannesburg, 2019)
Please refer to full text to view abstract. LL.M. (International Commercial Law)
Keywords: Belgium; Border trade; Conflict of laws; Ghana; International commercial contracts; Litigation

L'impact du transport aérien sur la qualité de l'air et sur le réchauffement climatique - Bessadier, Maxime (Aix-Marseille Université, 2019)

Aides d'État et ports maritimes européens - Bidault, Félicité (Aix-Marseille Université, 2019)

Les contre-mesures à l'OMC : évaluation de la compatibilité du système de représailles économiques avec la réalité contemporaine du commerce international - Couet, Marc-Antoine (Université Laval, 2019)
En matière de règlement des litiges commerciaux, la mise en place de l’Organisation mondiale du commerce (OMC) est marquée par l’instauration d’un système de règlement des différends davantage axé sur la primauté du droit. Cette juridictionnalisation du mécanisme de règlement des différends n’entraîne toutefois pas un changement paradigmatique au niveau du mécanisme d’exécution des décisions et recommandations de l’Organe de règlement des différends (ORD). En effet, l’OMC a jusqu’à présent conservé en substance le principe du GATT de 1947; la partie plaignante qui constate le défaut de la partie visée par la plainte de se plier aux décisions et recommandations de l’ORD à l’expiration du délai raisonnable qui lui est accordé pour s’exécuter et qui ne peut s’entendre avec cette dernière sur l’octroi d’une compensation n’a d’autre option que de s’en remettre à l’emploi de contremesures. Parallèlement, le commerce international a, au cours de la même période, subi une métamorphose radicale : le phénomène de la fragmentation internationale des processus de production de biens et de services a connu une expansion fulgurante. Le présent mémoire propose une analyse de l’institution des contre-mesures à l’OMC à l’aune de ces changements qui affectent depuis peu l’économie mondiale ainsi que des développements récents du côté de la science économique. Misant sur une approche qui mobilise à la fois la science juridique et la science économique, le mémoire démontre que le système des contre-mesures n’est pas adapté à la réalité du commerce international du XXIe siècle. À la lumière de ces constats, l’étude explore de façon critique les diverses suggestions en vue de modifier la phase de mise en oeuvre des contentieux en plus de suggérer une réforme de l’institution pouvant s’opérer à l’intérieur du cadre juridique actuel. Mots-clés : Règlement des différends – Firmes multinationales – Commerce international – Chaînes de valeur mondiales – Intégration économique
Keywords: Arbitrage; Arbitrage commercial international; Chaînes de valeur mondiales; Commerce international; Dispute Settlement; Economic integration; Entreprises multinationales; Firmes multinationales; Global Value Chains; International Trade; Intégration économique; Multinational Enterprises; OMC; Organisation mondiale du commerce; Règlement des différends; WTO

The treatment and recognition of company groups in South African corporate law - Diale-Ali, Regomoditswe Ursula (University of Johannesburg, 2019)
Abstract : Please refer to full text to view abstract. LL.M. (Commercial Law)

A critical appraisal of call centre contracts for insurance - Dladla, Mbongeni George (University of Johannesburg, 2019)
Abstract : Please refer to full text to view abstract. LL.M. (Commercial Law)

The release of liability of a surety during business rescue proceedings - Dubula, Mcebisi (University of KwaZulu-Natal, 2019)
Chapter 6 of the companies Act has attempted to resolve problems created by the ineffectiveness of judicial management which has failed to provide suitable alternative to the liquidation. The process of business rescue proceedings has made some impact on the liability of sureties in so far as it relates to creditors. Moratorium has been imposed once the business rescue proceedings commences and therefore the principal debtors are protected against any legal action unless the court or business rescue practitioner has consented thereto. The question is what is the impact of the business rescue proceedings on the rights of creditors against the sureties of the company under business rescue proceedings and what is the judicial position in so far as it relates to liabilities of sureties during business rescue proceedings, finally what is the position of comparative law in respect of other foreign Jurisprudence terms of business rescue proceedings and the liability of sureties. The South African Companies Act does not regulate the situation of creditor’s rights against sureties of a financially distressed Company. In terms of American law, the situation is different. Creditor’s rights against non-debtors (including sureties) is regulated by Bankruptcy Codes. In terms of bankruptcy codes, the discharge of a debtor does not affect the liability of the nondebtors or other entities. There are divergent views in terms of South African Court decisions in respect of liability of sureties. Some Judges believe that the commencement of business rescue proceedings does not affect the liability of sureties and others are of the view that the beginning of business rescue proceedings releases sureties from their obligations towards creditors unless business rescue plan or deed of suretyship provides otherwise. It is therefore recommended that our legislature introduces some new sections into the companies act. One Section should be similar to section 524(e) of the bankruptcy codes which expressly states that a discharge granted to the principal debtor does not affect the liability of sureties towards creditors. Another section should be similar to section 105(a), which provide courts with powers to make any order to realize the objectives of the companies act. This to avoid conflicting courts decisions on this issue.
Keywords: Bankruptcy; Creditors' rights; Insolvency; Liability of sureties; Reorganisation process; Suretyship

La fiducie maritime - Fanizza, Marco (Aix-Marseille Université, 2019)

The role of the Hague principles on choice of law in international commercial contracts in Japanese private international law - Geraghty, Brandon Brian (University of Johannesburg, 2019)
Please refer to full text to view abstract LL.M. (International Commercial Law)
Keywords: Conflict of laws; Contracts (International law); Japan

L'expertise amiable contradictoire - Gomez, Théo (Aix-Marseille Université, 2019)

A comparative analysis of mergers and acquisitions in South Africa, Botswana and Kenya : how can we achieve successful integration in Africa? - Gumede, Nomfundo Pretty (University of KwaZulu-Natal, 2019)
No abstract available.
Keywords: Acquisitions; Amalgamation; Bots; Business; Corporate mergers; Integration; Kenya; Mergers; South Africa

Les conséquences d'un Brexit sans accord sur le secteur de la marine marchande - Hannachi, Nour (Aix-Marseille Université, 2019)

Le déversement des armes chimiques dans la mer - Huard, Domitille (Aix-Marseille Université, 2019)

The contractual landscape and the protection of consumers in online auction contracts - Khan, Haleema (University of Johannesburg, 2019)
Please refer to full text to view abstract. LL.M. (Commercial Law)

Aquilian liability : the best remedy against delinquent company directors - Kharametsane, Godirilwe (University of Johannesburg, 2019)
Abstract : Please refer to full text to view abstract. LL.M. (Commercial Law)

Le véhicule routier autonome - Lauro, Franck (Aix-Marseille Université, 2019)

La lutte internationale contre le terrorisme maritime - Lorgeoux, Jeanne (Aix-Marseille Université, 2019)

Réchauffement climatique et comportements individuels : comment modifier les comportements et faire évoluer le secteur aérien sous la contrainte environnementale ? - Lozano, Lady (Aix-Marseille Université, 2019)

An analysis of reinstatement as a primary remedy for unfair dismissal of employees in South African Labour Law - Mampholo, Yvonne Mokhubane (University of Johannesburg, 2019)
Please refer to full text to view abstract. LL.M. (Commercial Law)

Intermediaries and advisors' duties to disclose onerous clauses to prospective policyholders - Matshitse, Collen Kgaolo Stephen (University of Johannesburg, 2019)
Please refer to full text to view abstract. LL.M. (Commercial Law)
Keywords: Commercial law; Insurance law

The recovery of cultural property in international law: collaborative settlements of disputes - Mauro, Benedetta (LUISS Guido Carli, 2019)

L'agent maritime et le processus d'opérateur économique agrée - Mestre, Julien (Aix-Marseille Université, 2019)

An investigation into the effectiveness of trade unions in advancing the cause of workers during strikes in the face of an emerging culture of violence and criminality - Mfusi, Pearl Dawn Arnold (University of KwaZulu-Natal, 2019)
No abstract available.
Keywords: Labour protests; Liability; Strikes; Trade unions; Violent protests; Violent strikes; Workers

Gestion des risques et aspect assurantiel dans les projets spatiaux contemporains - Mignonat-Lassus, Justine (Aix-Marseille Université, 2019)

Towards development-centred trade relations: a study of South Africa and the USA trade relations with particular focus on the African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA) - Mkhwanazi, Nhlakanipho (University of KwaZulu-Natal, 2019)
With trade taking place continuously on a daily basis, its often-reported success gives the impression that all participants involved are to a certain extent somewhat successful too. This dissertation draws attention to the discrepancies that have often gone unnoticed throughout the decades and the effects that have arisen as a result. South Africa’s (SA) and the United States of America’s (US) trade relationship through the African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA) is the focus of this study, with this relationship being analysed from as far back as history has been recorded to the modern day. Least developed countries (LDCs) are an integral part of this study because most trade-related activities involve them, and they contain most of the world’s natural resources, but most importantly they also make up a large portion of the world’s population. It's baffling to see that where these factors are present, there's also inequality. Seemingly, there are efforts that deal specifically with the challenges faced by developing countries, but what is concerning is these solutions are formulated by developed countries which created them and continue to perpetuate them. The approach adopted was mostly that of contrasting events that have involved trade over the decades and a discussion of how these events have shaped international, political and trade relations, that is, the existing status quo. Examples include the two World Wars; oppressive regimes such as apartheid; and the formation of global institutions ranging from the International Trade Organization (ITO) to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), and the World Trade Organization (WTO). The first three chapters contain an introduction, a background focus on development and the history of relations between South Africa and the United States of America. The last two chapters contain a discussion on AGOA as well as findings and recommendations that can be implemented to assist with this issue. What this dissertation was aiming to establish was the perpetual involvement of developed countries in the affairs of developing countries. This is illustrated through the renegotiation of the AGOA in 2015, where SA had to accept ultimatums set for it by the US. This dissertation further shows that such tactics are nothing new when the US is involved, as is evidenced by its involvement in major global events that have shaped the course of history. This approach is not only harmful but also stagnates development, as developing countries must adhere to agreements that sometimes are not to their benefit. The findings indicate a contradictory pattern: when solutions to challenges faced by developing countries are presented, they translate instead into a further stronghold over developing countries because of past atrocities such as colonisation and apartheid. What appears throughout the dissertation are the ever-present structures that are intended to perform functions supposed to be for the improved good of developing countries, but which result in those countries facing never-ending challenges, some of which are self-inflicted through alliances such as the AGOA with developed countries.
Keywords: AGOA; African Growth and Opportunity Act; Developing countries; Dumping; GATT; General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade; Trade relations; WTO; World Trade Organization

Price reduction as a remedy for breach of contract by the seller under the CISG and English law - Mukuna, Nomator (University of Johannesburg, 2019)
Please refer to full text to view abstract. LL.M. (Commercial Law)

La responsabilité pénale du Capitaine - Nicolopoulos-Salle, Zoé (Aix-Marseille Université, 2019)

The interruption of liquidation by business rescue application: a lacuna in the Companies Act - Ntingane, Neo Samantha (University of Johannesburg, 2019)
Abstract : Please refer to full text to view abstract. LL.M. (Commercial Law)

The rights of illegal workers not to be unfairly dismissed, with emphasis on illegal immigrants and sex workers - Ntshalintshali, Phindile Ziningi Glenn (University of KwaZulu-Natal, 2019)
Illegal workers have been and continue to be the most vulnerable category of employees in the labour market, the reason for this is the invalidity of their employment contract due to illegality. For the longest time, the Labour Relations Act (hereinafter the LRA) has not been able to afford these workers protection because they did not fall within the ambit of the legal definition of ‘employee’ and the Act only recognises employees as holders of the rights provided for under the LRA. As a result of the Act not being able to protect these workers, they have become victims of exploitation and vicious abuse in the hands of their employers, making them vulnerable in their employment relationship. The law concerning illegal workers has since changed. Courts have found that these workers are in fact employees for the purposes of the LRA, and that, for an employment relationship to exist there need not be a valid employment contract in existence. An employment relationship may take various forms and the goal that the Labour Relations Act seeks to achieve is to protect those employees who find themselves vulnerable as a result of the illegality of their employment contract. It has also been argued that the law aims mostly at penalising the employer rather than the employee who is economically and socially weaker than the employer, therefore, courts have found that the Labour Relations Act should be interpreted in a manner that is consistent with the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa (hereinafter the Constitution) which requires a wider interpretation of who may be afforded the right to fair labour practices.
Keywords: Illegal workers; Immigrants; Sex Workers; Unfair dismissal

The rights and duties of parties to liability insurance contracts at claim stage - Ntuli, Bonginkosi (University of Johannesburg, 2019)
Please refer to full text to view abstract. LL.M. (Commercial Law)
Keywords: Insurance claims; Insurance policies

Business rescue: a delay tactic for liquidation? - Nxumalo, Misiwe Mpilenhle (University of KwaZulu-Natal, 2019)
No abstract provided.
Keywords: Business rescue; Company creditors; Company law; Liquidation; Shareholders

The possible impact of the Hague Convention on the recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments in civil or commercial matters on private international law in common-law West Africa - Okorley, Solomon (University of Johannesburg, 2019)
Please refer to full text to view abstract. LL.M. (International Commercial Law)

La viabilité du schéma technico-économique des secours médicaux d'urgence héliportés en France - Oundjian, Candice (Aix-Marseille Université, 2019)

L'ACNUSA et les sanctions administratives pour les compagnies aériennes - Pillet, Priscille (Aix-Marseille Université, 2019)

Les sanctions adminsitratives des comportements indisciplinés des passagers - Pusset, Albane (Aix-Marseille Université, 2019)

The position of a director in South African Law : is it worth the risk - Raselo, Moeketsi Thebe (University of Johannesburg, 2019)
Please refer to full text to view abstract. LL.M. (Commercial Law)

L'aviation civile commerciale face à la crise environnementale - Raulin, Adèle (Aix-Marseille Université, 2019)

La sécurité du navire utilisant le GNL comme combustible - Rochas, Pierre-Antoine (Aix-Marseille Université, 2019)

Exemption clauses : contractual exclusion of delictual damages - Sande, Janet (University of Johannesburg, 2019)
Please refer to full text to view abstract. LL.M. (Commercial Law)

Reconnaissance faciale - Sen, Abdullah (Aix-Marseille Université, 2019)

Unification of international sales law in the SADC region : the role and significance of the CISG - Simelane, Mbalenhle Pearl (University of Johannesburg, 2019)
The United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) is one of the most prominent legal bodies in international commerce. In 1980, the final draft of the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG or the Convention) was approved by the United Nations (UN) General Assembly and came into operation on 1 January 1988. Generally, the diversity of laws is an impediment to international and regional trade. Traders are discouraged from entering into international sales contracts due to the dissimilarities of legal systems. However, the CISG seeks to unify laws relating to the international sale of goods, whilst codifying the existing rules of international trade. The main objectives of the Southern African Development Community (SADC) are to achieve development and economic growth through regional integration.1 The legal integration and unification of sales law has a significant role to play in regional integration. Hence, SADC would do away with difficulties that affect interregional and intra-regional trade by impeding economic growth by making use of widely accepted trade laws, such as the Convention. International trade promotes both economic development and social upliftment. Moreover, democracy, political stability and human rights must be respected to foster sustainable economic growth and development in Southern Africa. 2 With advantages such as accessibility, flexibility, indorsing party autonomy, simplicity, and uniform interpretation, the paper revisits the call for the unification of laws on the sale of goods in SADC and considers the role and significance of the CISG in the region. LL.M. (Commercial Law)
Keywords: Commercial law; International economic integration; International trade Law; International unification

La connaissance des passagers aéroportuaires - Vaquette, Claire (Aix-Marseille Université, 2019)

L'impact des sanctions internationales : impacts sur l'assurance maritime - Watine, Marguerite (Aix-Marseille Université, 2019)

An appraisal of the implementation of the retail distribution review's recommendations - Wilkins, Chanel (University of Johannesburg, 2019)
Please refer to full text to view abstract. LL.M. (Commercial Law)

Determining the proper law of an International Funds Transfer - Yeboah, Abena Takyiwa (University of Johannesburg, 2019)
There are many ways of making payments. One of the available options for parties to international commercial transactions is international funds transfers. These transfers occur across borders and so, raise conflict of law issues. There are some laws known internationally that regulate international funds transfers. These laws include the UNCITRAL Model Law on International Credit Transfers (no country has ratified it), article 4A of the Uniform Commercial Code and the Rome I Regulation. There are diverse ways in determining which law applies to an international funds transfer. This is done either by assessing the transaction as a single transfer or as a set of linked transactions. In African countries like Ghana and South Africa, there is a gap in the approach of the law in addressing the conflict of laws issues regarding international funds transfers. This dissertation addresses the gap in these legal regimes using the present private international law as a guide. Additionally, the present legislation and legal jurisprudence are analysed, and suggestions are given as to its improvement. This author also advocates for a legislation that adequately addresses the issues raised by transnational funds transfers in these countries. Conclusively, this will promote a predictable approach in determining the applicable law in transnational funds transfers.
Keywords: Fund transfer; Transfert de fonds; Transfert international

The role of the SADC Protocol on Trade in Services in regional integration - Swanepoel, L. B. (North-West University, 2018)
Trade in Services can be described as a transaction between a supplier and a consumer without any physical movement of goods across international borders. This, in itself, presents major economic growth possibilities in both regional and multilateral terms. Regional trade agreements, if drafted to suit the specific region's strengths, can promote Trade in Services and establish regional integration. The fact that Trade in Services and regional integration, throughout the Southern African Development Community (SADC) specifically, is moving forward at such a slow pace is due to the lack of political ambition and policy makers failing to emphasise the establishment of trade specific regulatory coherence among member states. Given policy’s impact on Trade in Services, regional trade agreements must be designed to address new and emerging issues that, not only haven't been taken up in previous trade agreements, but which is also region specific and focused enough to build on new standards found in other new trade agreements that will boost regional integration. SADC countries are still in process of establishing a regional services market and, as it currently stands, major development possibilities still exist. This study compares the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) with SADC’s Protocol on Trade in Services (PTIS), with the goal to determine the principles that are necessary to establish a regional market for the integration of Trade in Services. It was found that the PTIS lacks such principles and that integration of services throughout the SADC region is highly unlikely if set forth in its current direction. The finding was that the establishment of regional integration of Trade in Services throughout SADC will have to start with regulatory coherence among its members.
Boloka Institutional Repository https://repository.nwu.ac.za/handle/10394/31341
Keywords: Modes of trade; Regional integration; Regulatory coherence; Trade in Services

De gouvernance à RSE : le GRI est-il un outil de reddition de comptes efficace pour l'impact sur les enjeux du développement durable des principales minières canadiennes à l'étranger ? - Tiburcio Carneiro, Daisy (Université du Québec à Montréal, 2018)
Au Canada, l’industrie minière est hautement valorisée. Toutefois, à l’international, cette industrie canadienne fait l’objet de nombreuses controverses et le développement durable est au cœur de ces dernières. L’objectif premier de notre recherche est de présenter les liens entre : (1) les enjeux du développement durable pour l’industrie minière canadienne ; (2) la réponse du gouvernement ; (3) le thème de la gouvernance ; (4) les éléments de responsabilité sociale des entreprises (RSE) et (5) divulgation des entreprises minières. Un cadre réglementaire est mis en place par le gouvernement canadien pour répondre aux défis du développement durable. Les compagnies minières sont ainsi soumises à des exigences de divulgation par le gouvernement fédéral. Le gouvernement canadien incite les entreprises minières à utiliser le GRI, qui est le standard le plus populaire et reconnu internationalement pour la divulgation. Ce qui mène à notre question de recherche : Le GRI est-il un outil de reddition de comptes efficace pour les principales entreprises de l’industrie minière canadienne à l’étranger ? Notre analyse documentaire d’un rapport de divulgation RSE permet de conclure qu’il y a un écart entre ce qui est dit et ce qui est fait par les grandes compagnies minières. Les rapports tendent à mettre en évidence les éléments positifs et à masquer les résultats négatifs sur le développement durable. Il semble que le GRI soit un outil pour assurer de manière structurée la reddition de comptes des entreprises minières canadiennes à l’étranger, mais il reste insuffisant pour assurer la légitimité de l’information contenue, car on n’y rend pas compte de certaines externalités nuisibles pour le développement durable. ___________________________________________________________________________ MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : Industrie minière canadienne, International, Responsabilité sociale des entreprises (RSE), Reddition de comptes, Global reporting initiative, divulgation, Développement durable, Gouvernance, Acteurs de la gouvernance, cadre législatif
Place: Montréal (Québec, Canada)
Keywords: Acteurs de la gouvernance; CSR; Cadre législatif; Divulgation; Développement durable; Global reporting initiative; Gouvernance; Industrie minière canadienne; International; RSE; Reddition de comptes; Responsabilité sociale des entreprises

Trade Openness and Financial Development in Sub Saharan Africa: The Role of Institutional Quality - Abeka, Mac Junior (University of Cape Coast, 2018)
The financial development of many Sub-Saharan African countries over the years has not been able to match up with other regions like the Middle East and North Africa, East Asia and Pacific, and Europe and central Asia (IMF, 2016). Trade openness has been argued in several empirical literature as a factor that could spur up the level of financial development, although the high levels of trade openness in Sub-Saharan Africa is not contributing much to the desired levels of financial development in Sub-Saharan Africa. However, there is an indication in literature that trade openness will be more relevant to financial development of economies that have a strong institutional quality. Thus, by using system General Method of Moment estimation technique, this study examined how institutional quality moderates the relationship between trade openness and financial development of Sub-Saharan African economies. The study found that institutional quality enhances the effect of trade openness on financial development of Sub-Saharan African economies. It is therefore recommended that, Sub-Saharan African economies should put in measures to strength their institutional quality so that the high levels of trade openness will better enhance financial development. Specifically, trade openness can better enhance financial development by improving government effectiveness, reducing corruption, enhancing regulatory quality, abiding by the rule of law, and allowing voice and accountability. As an extra benefit, the improvements in institutional quality on their own too will yield positive impact on financial development.
http://ir.ucc.edu.gh/jspui/handle/123456789/4084

O método conflitual clássico à luz da internacionalização do direito e desafios e perspectivas do direito internacional privado - Oliveira, Fernanda Garibaldi Barreto de (Universidade de São Paulo, 2018)
O presente estudo tem como objetivo a análise do direito internacional privado enquanto disciplina metodológica que regula conflitos pluriconectados, isto é, conflitos ligados a mais de uma jurisdição, à luz do processo de internacionalização do direito, ocorrido, sobretudo, na segunda metade do século XX. Por internacionalização do direito compreende-se o fenômeno descrito por Mireille Delmas-Marty2 e identificado por André Jean Arnaud3 como o direito nascido não apenas da globalização econômica, mas também aquele evocado por conta da universalização dos direitos do homem e da consagração de sua autonomia da vontade. No primeiro capítulo, são destacadas as bases do direito internacional privado, como sua definição como matéria, seu objeto de estudo, as fontes de onde emerge e principalmente seu método conflitual clássico, baseado em normas de conflitos (regras de conexão) promovidas por elementos de conexão entre os ordenamentos em contato. No segundo capítulo, analisa-se especificamente o fenômeno da internacionalização do direito e como esse processo levantou a hipótese de uma possível insuficiência do método conflitual clássico de Direito Internacional Privado. Para isso, são analisados alguns fenômenos privados de construção normativa, que evidenciaram um pluralismo jurídico de fontes e um recuo do Estado por meio da normalização e de uma intensa mimetização do setor privado com o poder público na produção do Direito. Segundo o conceito de direito transnacional proposto por Jessup, nesse capítulo pretende-se demonstrar que essas novas fontes normativas são criadas por processos de interação entre agentes e relações transnacionais, e revelam um modo diferente de internacionalização do direito com impacto sobre o direito internacional privado. Como exemplo desse novo plexo normativo, são analisados os aportes teóricos da nova Lex Mercatoria, da Lex Sportiva e da Lex Eletronica, como autênticas fontes transnacionais - ou soft norms - que concorrem com o método de direito internacional privado na solução de conflitos pluriconectados. No terceiro e último capítulo, é proposta uma análise e levantadas algumas hipóteses do por que esse pluralismo jurídico, emergido da internacionalização do direito, vir ganhando proeminência, de onde emerge sua legitimidade e por que ele estaria concorrendo com o método clássico de conflitos de normas quando da ocorrência de conflitos multilocalizados. Finalmente, o trabalho trata de algumas possibilidades de conjugar e harmonizar o aporte teórico desse novo plexo normativo transnacional com o método conflitual clássico por meio do diálogo das fontes e de um pluralismo ordenado.
Keywords: European conflict of laws method; Internationalization of law; Legal pluralism; Normative integration; Ordered pluralism; Private international law; Sources dialogue; Transnational law

A liberação do fiador - Gomes, Ana Iumei Ferreira Rodrigues (Universidade de Lisboa, 2018)
O presente estudo científico debruça-se sobre as formas de liberação do fiador. Sob esta matriz, procuramos retractar o tema sustentados nas malhas da legislação passada, mas também associados a actual ciência normativa, sem deixar de lado a experiência jurídica de diversas legislações estrangeiras, assim como as polémicas abertas na doutrina, coerentemente encarada no seu conjunto como condição necessária para problematizar o debate, suscitando ideias resultantes de sucessivos raciocínios controvertidos, sobre os quais também se armaram conceitos e variadas posições, em virtude da relevância que esta matéria resgata no âmbito das relações creditícias. Por sua vez, são abordados ainda alguns tópicos adjacentes a este tema que finalizam o entendimento sobre a matéria. Com efeito, as linhas de projecção do nosso estudo estão alinhadas no sentido de tentar responder às indagações do quotidiano, de modo a contornar as diversas situações que ocorrem na vida real, mas igualmente sem deixar de pensar na pretensa possibilidade de estabelecer caminhos ou rumos a tomar no futuro.
Keywords: Confiança; Credor; Devedor; Fiador; Fiança; Garantia das obrigações

Analyse et appréciation d’une zone d’intégration régionale : Cas de l’Union Economique et Monétaire Ouest Africaine (UEMOA) - Assoumatine, Far Justine; Goumes, Iames Marcos (Université Mouloud Mammeri, 2018)
Depuis plusieurs années on assiste à un regain d’intérêt pour l’intégration régionale. Les expériences de cette dernière pendant la première vague d’intégration dans les années 60 et 70 ont produit des résultats mitigés, et souvent décevants en terme de développement du commerce, de la croissance économique, du changement des conditions de vie de la population. Certains auteurs néoclassiques sont extrêmement critiques à l’égard de l’intégration économique car, les groupements régionaux entraveraient la libéralisation du commerce international. Cette tendance à l’intégration régionale a également touché huit (8) pays de l’Afrique de l’Ouest notamment le Benin, le Burkina-Faso, la Côte d’ivoire, la Guinée-Bissau, le Mali, le Niger, le Sénégal et le Togo, ayant une histoire commune et qui ont décidé de se réunir et former un seul bloc : l’Union Economique et Monétaire Oust-Africaine (UEMOA). Les pays membres ont connus en moyenne une amélioration des indicateurs économiques (croissance de PIB, l’Inflation, etc.), quoi que sa situation ne soit pas l’une des meilleures, compte tenu des résultats moins satisfaisants pour certains indicateurs comme les finances publiques, solde commercial et le non respect des critères de convergences. Toutefois, les efforts fournis par l’UEMOA en matière de réalisation des objectifs, sont loin d’être récompensés car, mise à part la Côte d'Ivoire qui est un pays en développement, les sept autres membres de l'Union économique et monétaire ouest-africaine (UEMOA) sont des pays moins avancés (PMA), avec la pauvreté qui touche une personne sur deux dans la zone.

Restrições ao direito de imagem do trabalhor - Pitta, Fernanda Maria Rossignolli Grunspun (Universidade de São Paulo, 2018)
O presente trabalho tem por objetivo analisar a possibilidade de o empregador, por meio do regular exercício do poder diretivo, impor restrições à imagem do empregado (imagemretrato e imagem-atributo), a forma como o empregado se apresenta para o mundo, dentro e até mesmo fora do ambiente de trabalho, sem que isso configure ofensa ao direito de imagem do trabalhador, direito da personalidade consagrado constitucionalmente e também protegido pelo Código Civil e pela Consolidação das Leis do Trabalho. Será analisado como o direito de imagem foi reconhecido como parte integrante do direito da personalidade e elevado a condição de direitos humanos e fundamentais, no âmbito das relações de trabalho, em especial nas relações de emprego, tendo em vista que até os dias atuais as relações de trabalho são vistas sob um prisma que, muitas vezes, ignora o fato de que em um dos polos dessa relação sempre haverá uma pessoa física, o empregado, que possui direitos da personalidade. Também será analisado como o direito de imagem foi reconhecido como direito autônomo, uma vez que durante muito tempo a ofensa ao direito de imagem era condicionada à ofensa à honra, à intimidade e à vida privada. Serão, ainda, analisadas as diferenças entre direito de imagem, direito de arena e direito do autor, direitos que a jurisprudência trabalhista em muitas ocasiões entendeu como sinônimos, mas que, na verdade, embora possam se inter-relacionar, também podem ser ofendidos de forma autônoma. Será analisada a evolução do poder diretivo, e a forma pela qual se manifesta - poder organizacional, controle, regulamentar, disciplinar e mesmo jus variandi - no âmbito das relações de emprego, uma vez que é pelo regular exercício do poder diretivo, por meio das suas mais diferentes formas de manifestação, que o empregador poderá impor restrições à imagem do empregado. Será abordada, também, a subordinação, como contraponto ao poder diretivo. Como as questões que envolvem o direito de imagem no âmbito das relações de trabalho são muito variadas, serão analisadas três situações específicas em que se vislumbra a possibilidade de o empregador impor restrições à imagem do empregado, dentro do regular exercício do poder diretivo, sem que configure ofensa ao direito de imagem do empregado: (i) em razão da função exercida; (ii) como decorrência da imposição de padrões estéticos do empregador, desde que não sejam vexatórios e não exponham a intimidade do trabalhador; e (iii) para preservar a imagem do empregador. Em conjunto, será avaliada a possibilidade de o empregador impor restrições à imagem do empregado mesmo fora do ambiente de trabalho, levando-se em consideração a função, a posição hierárquica ocupada pelo empregado; a existência de consentimento e a previsão em regulamentos da empresa que disciplinam tais aspectos. Será visto que, embora referidas hipóteses possam ser um norte na apreciação da restrição imposta, em muitos casos a análise isolada não será suficiente, sendo necessário recorrer-se a outros mecanismos, a ponderação dos interesses envolvidos na imposição de restrições à imagem do trabalhador, uma vez que estão em conflito direitos constitucionalmente garantidos, sendo necessário realizar o sopesamento entre os interesses envolvidos, por meio da análise da necessidade, adequação e proporcionalidade, a fim de obter a máxima observância e a mínima restrição, estabelecendo uma conciliação de modo a trazer menor prejuízo para as partes envolvidas.
Keywords: Direito de imagem; Direito do Trabalho; Direitos da personalidade; Diretive power; Image rights; Labour law; Personality rights; Poder diretivo; Subordination; Subordinação

Cross border merger and shareholder's rights - Severino, Francesco (LUISS Guido Carli, 2018)
Historical context. Scope of application of cross border merger. A comparison of class rights with minority protection in cross border merger. The transposition of the cross border merger in the German law for an implementation.

Arbitragem tributária em Cabo Verde : um olhar sobre novos desafios - Pinto, Gilson Eduardo Vaz Gomes (Universidade de Lisboa, 2018)
O presente trabalho intitula-se “Arbitragem Tributária em Cabo Verde: Um olhar sobre novos desafios” e tem como principais objetivos analisar o instituto da Arbitragem Tributária em Cabo Verde, caraterizar e refletir sobre o modelo implementado, bem como as principais oposições à sua implementação no referido país. Em Cabo Verde, criar e assegurar o funcionamento de meios de resolução alternativos de litígios, em particular a Arbitragem, funciona como um instrumento essencial e complementar aos tribunais judiciais, tendo em conta a nova realidade política, social e económica do país. A introdução da Arbitragem Tributária em Cabo Verde deu-se através da Lei nº 108/VIII/2016, de 28 de Janeiro e foi motivada essencialmente pela nova ordem de reforma do sistema jurídico, altura em que o Governo do país assumiu o desafio de aperfeiçoar o sistema e promover uma maior competitividade perante os mercados externos, e captação do investimento estrangeiros. A implementação da Arbitragem Tributária em Cabo Verde pode ser equiparada, com as necessárias adaptações, ao sistema Português, daí darmos uma grande importância ao longo do nosso estudo a experiência portuguesa. Não obstante, um dos principais obstáculos à sua implementação em Cabo Verde tem a ver com a falta de clareza a nível da norma estabelecida pela Constituição da República, permanecendo a dúvida de em qual das classificações - “Tribunais” ou na classificação de “Órgão não Jurisdicional de composição de conflitos” - deve ser inserido o Tribunal Tributário. A Arbitragem Tributária como forma alternativa de resolução de conflito em Cabo Verde terá grande relevo na incrementação das políticas económicas e sociais, na melhoria do negócio e na captação do investimento estrangeiro, para melhor desenvolvimento do país.
Keywords: Arbitragem tributária; Cabo Verde; Justiça; Sistema jurídico

Risk management, outil de résilience pour les compagnies d'assurance non-vie de la zone CIMA : Cas de l'africaine des assurances du Bénin - Adechi, Maéssarah Adétôla Adouké (Institut International des Assurances (IIA), 2018)

La gestion des risques et des assurances portuaires - Aidara, Tourad (Aix-Marseille Université, 2018)

Optimisation de la politique de souscription de l'assurance des risques d'entreprises : Le cas d'allianz Côte d'Ivoire assurances - Aka Kouassi, Daniel (Institut International des Assurances (IIA), 2018)

Le Togo face au(x) défi(s) de l'assurance agricole - Apetovi, Dodji Foli (Institut International des Assurances (IIA), 2018)

« M&A » et propriété intellectuelle : valorisation et transmissibilité des actifs intellectuels - Aubin, Noémie (Université Paris 2, 2018)

Mise en place et gestion d'un réseau de mandataires non-salariés - Azougo, Vianney Boris (Institut International des Assurances (IIA), 2018)

La gestion de la relation client au sein d'une compagnie d'assurance IARD : Cas de l'union des assurances du Burkina (UAB) IARDT - Balma, Olivier (Institut International des Assurances (IIA), 2018)

Le conducteur dans le transport de marchandises par route - Begou, Laëtitia (Aix-Marseille Université, 2018)

La gestion des sinistrés automobiles comme facteur de performance d'une entreprise IARD : Cas de AMSA assurance d'Ivoire - Bleakeuhoua, Prince (Institut International des Assurances (IIA), 2018)

Smart Port City - Bouldjennet, Yanis (Aix-Marseille Université, 2018)

L'assistance en escale : les enjeux liés à l'externalisation en matière de sûreté aérienne - Bres, Solenne (Aix-Marseille Université, 2018)

Le dumping social du personnel navigant en Europe - Bunel, Mathilde (Aix-Marseille Université, 2018)

O papel da integração regional como mecanismo de inserção internacional e de promoção de desenvolvimento: um estudo de caso sobre a SADC - Calich, Ana Paula de Mattos (Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 2018)
A intensificação dos processos de integração regional no pós-Guerra Fria e a ascensão de alguns países do Sul global trouxeram para o campo das Relações Internacionais o desafio da atualização do estudo acerca do tema. Partindo do entendimento que estas regiões periféricas possuem uma lógica singular, o presente trabalho busca ver os blocos de integração estabelecidos neste contexto como uma forma de modificar a inserção internacional desfavorável e promover desenvolvimento nos países-membros. Para validar tal análise, a Comunidade para o Desenvolvimento da África Austral (SADC) foi selecionada como estudo de caso, fazendo-se o esforço de correlacionar as políticas do bloco com as transformações econômicas, políticas e sociais que ocorreram nos anos de vigência da integração.
Keywords: Desenvolvimento; Inserção Internacional; Integração Regional; SADC; África Austral

La distribution de l'assurance non vie en zone CIMA entre réglementation et modernité : Cas du Sénégal - Camara, Malick (Institut International des Assurances (IIA), 2018)

La pêche du thon rouge de Méditerranée (Thunnus thynnus) - Ceccon, Mathilde (Aix-Marseille Université, 2018)

L'Indemnité d'Assistance Maritime et l'application de la Clause SCOPIC - Cheffai, Mohamed (Aix-Marseille Université, 2018)

An analysis of the effects of tax policy and tax abuse on the fulfilment of human rights in developing countries : the case of Zambia - Chigubu, Salome (University of Johannesburg, 2018)
Keywords: Droit fiscal; Pays en voie de développement; Politique fiscale; Tax; Zambie

La gestion des risques maritimes les risques exceptionnels - Corvasce, Cassie (Aix-Marseille Université, 2018)

Le transport aérien des produits thermosensibles la certification CEIV Pharma - Courbes, Jennifer (Aix-Marseille Université, 2018)

The position of assets vested in a sham trust - Diedericks, C. A. (North-West University, 2018)
The concept of a sham trust has changed over the years. Presently it is defined as a perceived entity that is not entirely what it portrays to be. In addition, a sham is therefore regarded as invalid with a deceiving nature. A sham trust has the consequence that all the benefits and protection of assets are destroyed, seeing that no trust actually came into existence. Considering the above, for the purpose of the present study, only an inter vivos trust was evaluated and discussed in detail. The law of contract is considered to be the foundation of the principles for an inter vivos trust. Therefore, the law of contracts can be applied to solve problems presented by trusts. During the course of the present research, it became evident: in instances where a trust is declared a sham, the consequence is that the trust will be deemed void. There are instances where a sale agreement has been concluded prior to the discovery of the true nature of the trust, namely it being a sham. This raises the question on the legal position of assets vested in a sham trust. A further question arises about the consequences and whether the courts should set a guideline for such instances. From the findings it is evident that such a guideline is necessary. This would enable courts to determine the consequences of assets vested in a sham trust. There are various possibilities regarding consequences for assets vested in a sham trust. To determine the applicable consequence, the court should deal with each case individually based on the facts of that particular circumstances. This consequence could either entail that the assets should fall within the founder’s personal estate, or whether the concluded sale agreement should be deemed void. It is evident that the courts struggled with the distinction between a sham and alter ego trust, however, the case law referred to below gives more clarity in this regard. A proper formulation of the aspects of sham and alter ego trusts was provided in the cases of Van Zyl v Kaye1 and Van der Merwe v Hydraulics.2 The formulation of the two aspects in the above-mentioned cases was confirmed in the Supreme Court of Appeal judgement in the case of WT v KT.3 In the Khabola v Ralitabo,4 the court dealt with the typical example of the sham trust. In brief, the fact of the case were, that the parties had the intention to establish a partnership that was simulated to be a trust.
Boloka Institutional Repository https://repository.nwu.ac.za/handle/10394/31321
Keywords: Assets; Contract of sale; Intention; Law of contract; Legal position; Sham trust; Snook test; inter vivos trust

Enjeux et pratique de la gestion actif passif en assurance vie - Diemo Ngongang, Patrick Joel (Institut International des Assurances (IIA), 2018)

Détection et gestion du risque de cumul des engagements dans une compagnie de réassurance de la zone CIMA : Cas de la CICA-RE - Dossa, Rolux Raphiou (Institut International des Assurances (IIA), 2018)

L’assurance maritime dans la zone CIMA : Etude sur l'obligation de la police locale - Eren, Matthieu (Aix-Marseille Université, 2018)
Keywords: Assurance; CIMA; Droit maritime; Police locale

Information sur la marchandise : obligation risque et responsabilité - Ferrat, Gaël (Aix-Marseille Université, 2018)

Les procédures collectives des établissements de crédits dans l'espace OHADA - Gueye, Ramata (Université Cheikh Anta Diop, 2018)

La distribution des produits individuels d'assurance vie et de capitalisation par les mandats non-salariés dans la zone CIMA : Cas d'une compagnie d'assurance vie du Mali, la SONAVIE - Guindo, Mahamadou (Institut International des Assurances (IIA), 2018)

L'institution de l'obligation d'assurance construction dans un pays de la CIMA : Cas du Niger - Hadji, Attaher El (Institut International des Assurances (IIA), 2018)

Le transport d'animaux vivants par voie maritime au départ de France - Jeunemaître, Nicolas (Aix-Marseille Université, 2018)

A comparative analysis of constructive dismissal in South Africa and within other international jurisdictions - Kader, Riaz (University of KwaZulu-Natal, 2018)
Abstract available in PDF.
Keywords: Constructive dismissal; Employee termination; Employees; Employers; Employment relationship; Termination of employment

La protection des consommateurs d'assurances - Kane, Mouhamed Siradji (Institut International des Assurances (IIA), 2018)

Assurances et réassureurs : Complémentarité ou dépendance? - Kaptouom, Raymond Fotso (Institut International des Assurances (IIA), 2018)

Les compagnies d'assurances peuvent-elles développer la branche santé en dépit de l'assurance maladie obligatoire en zone CIMA : cas de l'allianz Mali - Kene, Koromo (Institut International des Assurances (IIA), 2018)

Assurance automobile et pouvoirs publics : Cas du marché Gabonais - Kounda Moutsassy, Fanny Mireille (Institut International des Assurances (IIA), 2018)

Choice of law in international commercial contracts : a comparative study of Private International Law in Ghana and South Africa - Kwame, Essah (University of Johannesburg, 2018)

Les accidents de passage à niveau - Leoni, Marie-Françoise (Aix-Marseille Université, 2018)

Le démantèlement et recyclage des navires - Lucas, Estelle (Aix-Marseille Université, 2018)

A comparative legal perspective on the impact of good or bad faith on the independence of documentary credits and demand guarantees - Lupton, Cayle Selwyn (University of Johannesburg, 2018)
Abstract : Please refer to full text to view abstract. LL.M. (Commercial Law)

Domiciliation de l'assurance sur facultés à l'importation au Tchad - Mahamat, Norson (Institut International des Assurances (IIA), 2018)

La gestion des risques dans une compagnie de réassurance de la zone CIMA : Cas de la SCG-RE - Makita Komba, Maguy (Institut International des Assurances (IIA), 2018)

Est-il judicieux de séparer l'industrie des banques de celle des assurances ? : Cas du Niger - Marou Boubacar, Abdoul-Mounir (Institut International des Assurances (IIA), 2018)

Modification of choice of law in the BRICS countries : the role of Article 2(3) of the Hague Principles on choice of law in international commercial contracts - Ndlovu, Docus Sanele (University of Johannesburg, 2018)
Each member state of the BRICS countries is different about the modalities and limitations of party autonomy in their field of Private International law. The principle of party autonomy allows parties to choose the law applicable to their contract and is meant to respect the choice of contracting parties. Since laws are not absolute, they need to change to the needs of a changing society. This can generate a problem in instances where contracting parties have already chosen a choice of law to govern their contract. The question is then whether the governing law of a contract that was previously chosen by the parties can be changed after that contract has been concluded. The scope of party autonomy extends to permitting parties to modify their chosen law in instances where it is necessary to do so, subject to limitations of a specific legal system and principles of conflict of laws. However, the legal rules of each BRICS countries differ in permitting parties to modify the chosen law. This minor dissertation analyses whether the principle of party autonomy is recognised in each member state of the BRICS countries and whether it extends to allow for modification of choice of law. It further asserts that the BRICS countries could plausibly refer to the rules and recommendations of Article 2(3) of the Hague Principles on Choice of Law in International Commercial Contracts to advance the wide acceptance of modification of choice of law. LL.M. (International Commercial Law)

L’attribution gratuite d’actions en droit OHADA - Niamadio, Mamadou (Université Assane Seck de Ziguinchor, 2018)
Le constat de l’obsolescence du droit africain a fait germer l’idée de créer une réglementation moderne et adaptée à l’économie des pays africains dans l’esprit des décideurs africains. L’entreprise s’était révélée nécessaire en raison de l’absence jusque-là de tout effort législatif destiné à épousseter la législation africaine postcoloniale alors qu’ailleurs, en France et dans la plupart des pays occidentaux, le droit des affaires était à mise à jour permanente ; constamment les textes y sont modifiés parce que le monde est soumis à de constants bouleversements. C’est dans ce contexte que l’OHADA a été instituée par le Traité constitutif signé à Port Louis (Ile Maurice) en Avril 1993, entré en vigueur le 18 septembre 1995, il a été révisé à Québec en 2008 . Le droit Ohada est un système juridique et judiciaire qui vise à garantir la sécurité juridique des affaires en adoptant un droit commun des affaires dont l’interprétation est confiée à une seule instance juridictionnelle, la Cour commune de justice et d’arbitrage. Il est composé aujourd’hui de dix-sept (17) Etats d’Afrique subsaharienne ayant en commun un même droit des affaires.